 When providing and suggesting a diet pattern for a Peruvian-American patient, as with other Hispanic groups, it is important to strive to include the whole family in the dietary interventions and behavior changes, as well as their religious leaders.


 Printed materials should emphasize the family as a unit, and target both genders. Printed materials in Spanish are almost always more welcome than materials in English.


 Encourage patients to participate in exercise programs and to acculturate a healthy diet in the United States, without abandoning the Peruvian diet (23,24). Some Hispanics report that they were more active in their home country, since people tended to exercise more naturally with everyday activities. The increased hours spent watching TV or using computers in the United States facilitates weight gain and sedentarism (25).


 Encourage more unprocessed and homemade foods from the Peruvian diet and smaller portion sizes.


 Emphasize to parents the importance of offering healthful options from both the Peruvian and the American diet to their American-born or American-raised children, since there is an indication that children born to foreign parents in the United States tend to follow the American diet more than the diet of their parents’ home country.


 Encourage the primary meal shopper and food preparer to set some time aside to plan healthful meals and snacks in advance, since Hispanic parents have reported that their busy schedules in the United States have led them and their family to skip meals, eat on the go, and to rely on leftover and snacks when pressured for time.


 Encourage Peruvian mothers to continue to breastfeed, even though the cost of formula is cheaper in the US and since breastfeeding is more culturally acceptable in Peru and other Latin American countries.


 Make sure that these patients and their families have social support, since emotional eating due to loneliness and/or stress can also lead to an unhealthful diet.


 Emphasize to Peruvian patients that they still can obtain many of the fresh fruits and vegetables and whole grains they enjoyed in their home country, and facilitate this by suggesting where to shop for healthy items on a budget.


 Since the Peruvian diet contains many starchy dishes, sweet beverages, and desserts that can be very caloric, emphasize the importance of respecting portion sizes and eating caloric desserts as an occasional treat. Also, emphasize whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. It is also important to emphasize healthful items in the US diet that the Peruvian patient might enjoy frequently.


 Explain to the Peruvian patient the importance of avoiding foods that are fried, high in salt, and high in saturated fat content. Explore, instead, the fact that the diet they ate in Peru is rich in whole grains, seeds, fruits, and vegetables, and that such a diet provides many nutrients and helps maintain good health (25).


 As indicated above, providing newborns with low-quality water may be seen as a normal step in the child’s physical development. However, Peruvian parents have to be educated regarding provision of adequate and safe drinking water for their children.


 When patients are being referred by a food and nutrition professional to another health professional, when appropriate, ensure that they receive the help needed to navigate health and social services systems and find healthcare professionals who will communicate with them in their language or who have access to a translator (22).


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