APPENDIX C Attachments and Innervation of the Muscles and Structures of the Lower Extremity PLANTARIS


Proximal attachments: Inferior lateral supracondylar line of the femur and popliteal ligament of the knee Distal attachments: Calcaneal tuberosity via the Achilles tendon


Innervation: Tibial nerve SOLEUS


Proximal attachments: Posterior surface of the fi bula head and proximal one third of its shaft and from the posterior tibia


Distal attachment: Calcaneal tuberosity via the Achilles tendon


Innervation: Tibial nerve TIBIALIS ANTERIOR


Proximal attachments: Lateral condyle and proximal lateral tibia and the interosseous membrane Distal attachments: Medial cuneiform and the base of the fi rst metatarsal Innervation: Deep fi bular (peroneal) nerve


TIBIALIS POSTERIOR


Proximal attachments: Proximal two thirds of the poste- rior surface of the tibia and fi bula and adjacent interos- seous membrane


Distal attachments: Navicular tuberosity and through fi brous expansions to every tarsal bone but the talus, and the bases of the second through the fourth meta- tarsal bones. Innervation: Tibial nerve


INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE FOOT


EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS Proximal attachment: Calcaneus


Distal attachments: Courses dorsum of foot ending in four tendons; one to the dorsal surface of the great toe, and the other three join the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus of the second through the fourth toes


Innervation: Deep fi bular (peroneal) nerve


LAYER 1 Abductor Digiti Minimi


Proximal attachments: Calcaneal tuberosity, plantar apo- neurosis, and plantar surface of the base of the fi fth metatarsal bone with fl exor digiti minimi


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Distal attachment: Base of proximal phalanx of the fi fth toe


Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Abductor Hallucis


Proximal attachments: Flexor retinaculum, calcaneus, and plantar fascia


Distal attachment: Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux


Innervation: Medial plantar nerve Flexor Digitorum Brevis


Proximal attachments: Calcaneal tuberosity and plantar fascia


Distal attachments: Each of four tendons splits and inserts on the base of the middle phalanx of the second through fi fth toes.


Innervation: Medial plantar nerve


LAYER 2 Lumbricales


Proximal attachments: From the tendons of the fl exor digitorum longus muscle


Distal attachments: Each muscle crosses the metatarso- phalangeal joint to insert into the dorsal digital expan- sion of the second through fi fth toes. Innervation: To second toe, medial plantar nerve; to third through fi fth toes, lateral plantar nerve


LAYER 3 Adductor Hallucis Proximal attachments


Oblique head: Base of the second through fourth metatarsal


Transverse head: Plantar aspect of the ligaments that support the metatarsophalangeal joints of the third through fi fth toes


Distal attachments: Lateral base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe


Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Flexor Digiti Minimi


Proximal attachment: Base of the fi fth metatarsal bone Distal attachment: Base of the proximal phalanx of the fi fth toe


Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Flexor Hallucis Brevis


Proximal attachments: Cuboid and lateral cuneiform bones


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