MUSCLES OF VENTILATION Muscles of Quiet Ventilation Diaphragm Muscle Scalene Muscles Intercostal Muscles
Muscles of Forced Inspiration Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Pectoralis Major and Minor Muscles Additional Inspiratory Muscles
Muscles of Forced Expiration Abdominal Muscles Transversus Thoracis and Internal Intercostal Muscles
VENTILATION SYSTEM CHANGES RELATED TO AGING AND DISEASE Age-Related Changes
Disease-Related Changes Learning Outcomes After reading this chapter, the learner will be able to:
6.1 Outline the bony structures that form the thorax. 6.2 List the joints formed between the thoracic vertebrae and the sternum and their associated ligaments. 6.3 Discuss the four lung volumes and determine the combination of lung volumes that define the various lung capacities.
6.4 Explain the muscle mechanics involved in ventilation. 6.5 Identify and compare the muscles involved in quiet ventilation and forced inspiration. 6.6 Discuss additional inspiratory muscles and their function. 6.7 Identify the muscles involved in forced expiration. 6.8 Explain the age-related changes that can occur in the respiratory system.
