CHAPTER 1 Principles of Kinesiology and Biomechanics
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Superior to the pelvis
Proximal to the knee
Medial to the radius
Inferior to the sternum
Distal to the hip
Figure 1.1 In the anatomical position, arms at the side, palms facing forward.
Figure 1.2 The ulna is medial to the radius, and the radius is lateral to the ulna. The hip is proximal to the knee, and the knee is distal to the hip. The sternum is located superior to the pelvis, and the pelvis is inferior to the sternum.
TABLE 1.1 Anatomical Direction Terms Term
Definition Medial Lateral Anterior Posterior Proximal Distal Superior Inferior Closer to the midline of the body Farther away from the midline of the body Closer to the front of the body Closer to the back of the body Closer to the trunk Farther from the trunk Describes a structure above another Describes a structure below another
Example The ulna is medial to the radius. The radius is lateral to the ulna. The sternum is anterior to the spine. The femur is posterior to the patella. The hip is proximal to the knee. The knee is distal to the hip. The sternum is superior to the pelvis. The pelvis is inferior to the sternum.
