MAKING HISTORY


1. According to Source 1, how many years did it take to collectivise the farms in the Soviet Union?


2. What happened to peasants who resisted collectivisation?


3. Do the figures in Source 2 support the view that collectivisation was a success?


4. What happened to the richer peasant in Source 3? 5. How did the peasant in Source 4 survive the famine?


6. Can you evaluate the effects of collectivisation by using information in Sources 1 to 4?


7. Which of these sources are primary sources? Explain your answers using evidence from the sources.


LSource 3 The poor peasants of the village get together in a meeting and decide: ‘So-and-so has 6 horses; we couldn’t get along without those in the collective farm; besides, he hired a man to help him in the harvest.’ They notify the secret police, and there you are. So-and- so gets 5 years [in the gulag]. They confiscate (take over) his property and give it to the new collective farm. Sometimes they ship the whole family out.


LSource 4 Oleska Voitsyskhovsky saved his and his family’s lives by consuming the meat of horses which had died of diseases. He dug them up at night and brought the meat home in a sack. (Based on accounts from villagers in the 1930s)


2Describe how women’s lives changed in Soviet Russia


in Soviet Russia? Women’s lives changed very much under the Communist system. In the workplace they were put on a more equal footing with the men. They worked in many jobs, which were regarded, at the time, as men’s jobs in the West – such as engineering, construction and labouring. The percentage of women in the workforce was higher than in Western countries. By


1937, 50% of the workers were women, almost doubled since 1927. This included 21% of construction workers and 70% of health care workers.


Facilities such as crèches and kindergartens were developed to enable both husbands and wives to work. There were also child allowances for married couples. Family life was encouraged and in the 1930s divorce was made more difficult to obtain.


You are now a free woman. Help build socialism!


We defeated the enemy with weapons. We will earn our bread with work. Comrades, roll up your sleeves for work!


280


How did Women’s Lives Change


Q


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