1. What time of the year is shown in Source 1? 2. What evidence suggests that these men are prisoners? 3. Why, do you think, one of the prisoners is standing on a tree stump? 4. What, do you think, are the most severe features of life in the gulags as described in Sources 2 and 3? 5. What is the message in the cartoon in Source 4? 6. Does the information in Source 5 support the message in the cartoon? 7. Which of these sources are primary and which are secondary? 8. Is Source 1 propaganda? 9. Is Source 4 propaganda?
10. Does the information in Source 5 match the image of Stalin in the posters in pp. 272 and 274? Explain your answers using evidence from the sources.
How did Industrialisation and
Collectivisation Affect People’s Lives? Stalin began his plans to change industry and farming. He introduced Five Year Plans, which set targets for industry. The aim of the plans was to bring the Soviet Union up-to-date (modernise) and to catch up with the West.
GOSPLAN (state planning) set targets for all industries Each region set targets for factories, mines Each manager of set targets for foremen and workers
Stalin said in 1931:
We must create in our country an industry which would be capable of re-equipping and organising not only the whole of our industry but also our transport and our agriculture. The history of Russia shows that because of her backwardness she was constantly being defeated. We are 50 or 100 years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this lag in ten years. Either we do it or we will go under.
First
Second Third
Five Year Plans 1928–32 1933–37
1938–41 (WWII)
Fourth and Fifth Plans 1945–55 Later Plans
Plans continue until 1991
Why, according to Stalin, must the Soviet Union industrialise?
2Explore how industrialisation and collectivisation affected people’s lives
