UNIT 4 Environment


8. Learn how to use prepositional phrases; many useful phrases in English use two (or more) prepositions, such as: according to, apart from, as for, because of, by means of, due to, except for, in order to, in place of, instead of, on account of, out of, up to, with regard to and with respect to.


9. In speaking, prepositions can have strong or weak forms; since prepositions are function words, the weak form is common.


10. There is no grammatical reason why you cannot end a sentence with a preposition; however, some people think it is wrong. This is incorrect.


Task 12: Complete the following statements about prepositions with an appropriate word or phrase.


1. The three main categories of prepositions are and


and (e.g., across, towards) and


2. If you are unsure what prepositions to use, you should 3. According to, by means of and in order to are all examples of 4. Prepositions can have


different meanings.


Task 13: The paragraph below has been taken from the text in Part 3, but the prepositions have all been removed. Without looking at the original paragraph, try to fill in the gaps correctly.


The grounds this claim are that the Nile Basin is showing signs changeable rainfall patterns. This has led the annual rains becoming shorter and


more intense. This is particularly problematic since they are too rapid, and damaging, sustainable agricultural growth. There is some evidence that this can lead


harvests which are 50 per cent smaller. If this type rainfall becomes the ‘new normal’, these countries will struggle this increasingly precious resource. feed themselves,


especially since the population in these countries is growing rapidly. Many are scared that these climate changes will result


so-called ‘water wars’, where battles will be fought Ethiopia, Kenya and Sudan (e.g., at, under), (e.g., since, after).


. .


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