7. Scientists have provided many evidences that climate change is man-made. 8. The data suggest behavioral change is needed immediately. 9. Gores view is that air pollution is a major problem in developing countrie’s.


10. The air pollution is a major concern. Part 9: Understanding the language point


Many student essays are weakened by the use of vague language which has little meaning, or by unnecessary phrases which do not add anything to the content of your work. You should avoid the temptation to use longer phrases because they sound more academic – this is not true. They may simply end up sounding more confusing. Also, if you try to use longer ‘redundant’ phrases just to increase your word count, your essay will become difficult to understand. There are three types of mistakes which can be made, each of which are similar (but slightly different) to each other.


• Using too many structure words within a phrase • Using a longer phrase when a short one is available • Including words or phrases which do not add any information


Task 18: Look at the phrases below. In each case, improve the phrase given. Two examples are done for you. until such a point in time as until a total of three reasons three reasons


1. make an evaluation 2. with regards to 3. despite the fact that 4. the general consensus of opinion 5. still remain 6. almost all 7. give some information 8. completely destroyed 9. do some research


10. is able to 11. a true fact 12. in advance of 13. in possession of


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