UNIT 12 Psychology


Lesson 12.2: Vocabulary, grammar and practising writing Part 7: Recapping the last lesson


Task 11: Present your ideas from Task 10 to your partner. Your partner should be a ‘critical friend’, telling you whether your ABC planning would lead to a successful exam answer.


Part 8: Understanding the grammar point


Task 12: The following sentences were taken from a first draft of the exam answers in Part 3. In each case, underline the grammatical mistake which has been made.


1. Its purpose is to achieve its own needs and desires, knowing ‘no judgements of value’ and not making no separation between ‘good and evil’.


2. The brain might be the physical organ most associated with mind and consciousness. 3. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud; human beings are the products of competing forces deep within our own psyches.


4. The ability of the ego to do this is called ego strength effectively. 5. If the ego is too strong, the individual may be rational and efficient, but also cold and distant!!! 6. Therefore, for freud, a healthy personality is represented … 7. The super-ego controls our sense of right and wrong. 8. Freud believed that the id has been the oldest part of the mind. 9. The superego is developing as the child realizes that they are not the centre of the universe.


Task 13: Read the following information about further common grammatical mistakes in English and check your answers to Task 12.


1. Avoid using double negatives Where there is already a negative, you do not need another. Use a positive form instead – i.e., question 1 … and not making any separation between ‘good and evil’.


2. Do not use a modal verb when to be is acceptable When things are clear and factual and there are no ‘grey areas’, you should just say it. You do not need modal verbs – i.e., The brain is the physical organ most associated with mind and consciousness.


3. Use semicolons correctly Semicolons are used to separate independent clauses. If there is an independent and dependent clause or phrase next to each other, a comma is required – i.e., According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, human beings are the products of competing forces deep within our own psyches.


4. Put adverbs in their correct place Depending on the type of adverb, and what its function is in the sentence, the adverb will go in a specific place. Ensure that the place you put the adverb is appropriate for the meaning you want to give – i.e., The ability of the ego to do this effectively is called ego strength.


5. Do not overuse exclamation marks! In academic writing, you generally do not need exclamation marks. If you do use them, only one is required – i.e., If the ego is too strong, the individual may be rational and efficient, but also cold and distant.


6. Use capital letters correctly It is important to know when to use capital letters – e.g., at the beginning of sentences, for proper nouns, in titles for important words – i.e., Therefore, for Freud, a healthy personality is represented …


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