SKIN MICROBIOME 47 a
1.2000 1.0000 0.8000 0.6000 0.4000 0.2000 0.0000
D0 RT active
D0 Placebo D28 RT active
D28 Placebo Figure 3: Mean relative SLST type (A) and Phylotype (B) abundance during experimentation.
treatment. At the same time, Cutibacterium granulosum prevalence was decreased by 52% after the RT active ingredient treatment. It is worth mentioning that excess C. acnes colonization might not be an important factor in acne pathogenesis with some studies reporting little difference in the comparative amount of C. acnes in the individuals with and without acne. Generally speaking, a consensus has raised in scientific community to consider that C. acnes proliferation is not the trigger of acne, and that it is most probably driven by an imbalance in skin microflora and/or a disequilibrium between C. acnes phylotypes. Staphylococcus epidermidis may also play a role in acne by controlling C. acnes proliferation and inhibiting C. acnes- induced inflammation.14
Early culture-based
studies reported that C. granulosum is more prevalent in comedones and pustules compared to uninvolved follicles of acne patients. Moreover, C. granulosum was reported to possess greater lipase activity compared to C. acnes.15 C. acnes strains are classified into six main phylotypes, designated IA1, IA2, IB, IC, II, and III by MLST. A Japanese
experimentation, using the SLST method, as in our study, showed that phylotype IA1 was predominant in each acne severity category (with 60%, 57.1% and 63.3% of strains in the severe, moderate and mild acne groups, respectively)16. Phylotype II is described as less abundant on acne skin than healthy skin. At D0, phylotype IA1 was also the most represented one, with a predominance of SLST type A1, followed by Phylotypes II, IB, IA2, IC, and III. After 28 days of RT active ingredient treatment, the 2 latter were inversed. The changes were not observed after Placebo treatment (Fig 3). Higher incidence of phylotype IA1 on acne occurrence or severity may be due to its higher capacity to adhere to skin to form biofilms. Another hypothesis is that phylotype IA1 and II strains show different hyaluronate lyase activity, this from phylotype IA1 being less active, partial degradation of
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hyaluronic acid may produce various oligosaccharides that could be related to the inflammatory process induced by acne. Finally, more than 75% of the subjects noted that RT extract treatment reduced imperfections and eliminate sebum excess, 71% reported pore tightening effects.
Conclusion
This study opens up new areas of research into innovative alternative treatment for mild acne by using botanical therapy. Using 16S rRNA profiling and a single-locus sequence typing (SLST) scheme for
C.acnes our data confirm the correlation between the presence of some phylotypes and acne. We also showed that the RT active ingredient acts as microbiota-regulating agent by selectively reduced virulent phylotypes of C. acnes by decreasing Phylotype IA1 along with an increasing of other phylotypes, with at the same time an increasing of C. acnes strains diversity. These modifications induced beneficial clinical effects. Thus, RT extract can be applied for treatment of skin diseases such as acne. Various and novel treatment focusing on C. acnes acne-associated phylotypes are worthy of further investigation for acne management.
PC
References 1 Claudel JP, Auffret N, Leccia MT, Poli F, Corvec S, Dreno B. Staphylococcus epidermidis: A Potential New Player in the Physiopathology of Acne? Dermatology. 2019 ; 235 : 287-294.
2 Dagnelie MA, Corvec S, Saint-Jean M, V. Bourdès, Nguyen JM, Khammari A, Dréno B. Decrease in Diversity of Propionibacterium acnes Phylotypes in Patients with Severe Acne on the Back. Acta Derm. Venereol. 2018: 7: 262-267.
3 Gehse M, Hoffler U, Gloor M, Pulverer G. Propionibacteria in patients with acne vulgaris and in healthy persons. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 1983; 275: 100-104.
4 Lee YB, Byun EJ, Kim HS. Potential Role of the Microbiome in Acne: A Comprehensive Review. J. Clin. Med. 2019; 8: 987.
5 Leyden JJ. New understandings of the
pathogenesis of acne. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1995; 32: S15-25.
6 Lomholt HB, Scholz CFP, Brüggemann H, Tettelin H, Kilian M. A comparative study of Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes clones from acne patients and healthy controls. Anaerobe 2017; 47: 57-63.
7 McLaughlin J, Watterson S, Layton AM, Bjourson AJ, Barnard E, McDowell A. Propionibacterium acnes and Acne Vulgaris: New Insights from the Integration of Population Genetic, Multi-Omic, Biochemical and Host- Microbe Studies. Microorganisms. 2019; 13: 7.
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10 Ridaura VK, Bouladoux N, Claesen J, Chen YE, Byrd AL, Constantinides MG, Merrill ED, Tamoutounour S, Fischbach MA. Contextual control of skin immunity and inflammation by Corynebacterium. J. Clin. Med. 2018; 215: 785.
11 Scholz C. A Novel High-Resolution Single Locus Sequence Typing Scheme for Mixed Populations of Propionibacterium acnes In Vivo. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9: 104199.
12 Vo TS, Ngo DH. The Health Beneficial Properties of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa as Potential Functional Food. Biomelecules. 2019; 9: 76.
13 Whiteside JA, Voss JG. Incidence and lipolytic activity of Propionibacterium acnes (Corynebacterium acnes group I) and P. granulosum (C. acnes group II) in acne and in normal skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1973; 60: 94-97.
14 Wunnoo S, Saising J, Voravuthikunchai SP. Rhodomyrtone inhibits lipase production, biofilm formation, and disorganizes established biofilm in Propionibacterium acnes. Anaerobe. 2017; 43: 61-68.
15 Xu H, Li H. Acne, the Skin Microbiome, and Antibiotic Treatment. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 2019; 20: 335-344.
PERSONAL CARE NORTH AMERICA b
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
D0 RT extract
D0 Placebo D28 RT extract
D28 Placebo
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