SKIN CARE
< Fullerene> 2D
Image analysis 100 Replica Day 1
< Placebo> 2D
Replica Image analysis 100
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12
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8 weeks * Relative value: Day 1=100
Figure 4: Effect of fullerenes on wrinkles. Note: 37-year-old woman: The use of the fullerene-blended cream led to a greater decrease in the percentage of wrinkle area as compared
to the use of the placebo
human melanocytes found that it significantly reduced UVA-induced melanin formation in a dose-dependent manner, with melanin formation significantly reduced in fullerenes encapsulated in PVP-treated cells by comparison with ascorbic acid and arbutin-treated cells. Clinical trials were conducted on 32
female volunteers. A gel containing fullerenes encapsulated in PVP with 2 ppm Fullerenes were applied to the face twice daily. After six weeks of application, 94% of the subjects had higher L value (brightness) levels than before treatment without inflammation or irritation (Figure 3). This suggests that PVP/fullerenes has a brightening effect due to its ability to remove UV-induced free radicals.14 In addition, a combination of fullerene
therapy and laser therapy was evaluated for wrinkle therapy according to the Japanese anti-wrinkle cream evaluation guidelines. An eight-week double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 23 female volunteers aged 30-40, who applied a test cream sample containing about 1% of fullerenes/squalane and a placebo. The rate and the average depth of wrinkles were measured by visual analysis and the area treated with fullerenes/squalane containing cream had a significantly reduced proportion of wrinkled areas.15 In another study, free radicals generated by
laser irradiation of squalane were measured. Samples were irradiated several times with an Affirm laser system (1440 nm, 3 J/cm2
). It
is believed that fractional technology reduces wrinkles.
The amounts of free radicals were measured
by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Laser irradiation with squalane produced significant amounts of hydrogen and methyl radicals, while laser irradiation with fullerenes/squalane suppressed their formation under the same
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conditions. Therefore, fullerenes/squalane can be used for anti-wrinkle treatment, and fullerenes may be useful for post-wrinkle prevention laser treatment care.15 In another study, EPR analysis revealed that
free radicals, including hydrogen and superoxide anion radicals, were generated in guinea pig skin using a 1,440-nm fractional laser. These free radicals can damage melanocytes and induce the production of inflammatory molecules. Fullerene reduced the generation of these radicals and suppressed skin inflammation.16 Fullerene lotion decreased conspicuous
pores by 17.6% after eight weeks of treatment in a study by Inui et al. A self-administered questionnaire indicated that this reduction achieved cosmetically appreciable effects.17 In addition, fullerene’s effect on UVB-
induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) was investigated in order to determine its mechanism. The results showed that irradiation of RhE with 1,000 mJ/cm2
increased PGE2 production by
62.3%, and the addition of 28 µM fullerene suppressed UVB-induced PGE2 production by 18.3%.18
Side effects About 10 million fullerene-containing cosmetics are currently sold worldwide every year, mostly in Japan. In the 16 years since they were first sold, there have been no reports of irritation or side effects. Most doctors recommended them as a home care moisturiser. Doctors’ reports state that their effects include
the suppression of dry skin, acne, pigmentation, erythema after laser treatment and wrinkles, plus more rarely of retinol irritation, vitamin C discoloration and changes in the viscosity of the drug. These special effects have also been reported with other antioxidants, such as vitamin E.
February 2022 PERSONAL CARE
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