Page 6
www.us-tech.com
September, 2018
Terahertz Clock Rates with Graphene
Published By: Mid-Atlantic Tech Publications, Inc. Phoenixville, PA 19460 Established January, 1986
U.S. TechWorld HQ Advertising&Editorial Offices
U.S. Tech 10 Gay Street Phoenixville, PA 19460
Phone: Fax:
(610) 783-6100 (610) 628-3891
e-mail:
mail@us-tech.com Web:
www.us-tech.com
Publisher and President: Jacob Fattal
General Manager / Web Editor: Steve Leberstien
Office Manager: Megan Riley
Editor Emeritus: Walter Salm
Editor: Michael Skinner
Art Director: Mike Swavola
Cartoonist: Ted Goff
Account Executive: Joseph Zummo
Copyright © 2018 Mid-Atlantic Tech Publications, Inc.
Contents not be reproduced or reprinted in any form without written permission from the publisher. Opinions expressed on Tech Op-Ed pages and by our columnists are the views of the person or persons au- thoring the material.
Tinned wires...
...can be Web:
www.pcbsmt.cn China in
AdvertisingSales Offices WELLINK
INTERNATIONAL
BUSINESS SERVICES, CO., LTD.
Hong Kong Office Unit 06, 13th Fl. Ricky Centre Mongkok, Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel: 852-311-16973 Fax: 852-311-16975 E-mail:
pcbsmt1997@163.com
Shenzhen Office Room 2301-2302 Chuangshan Centre, No. 6007 Shennan Road, Futian District Schenzhen City, China Tel: 0755-61319388-136 Fax: 0755-83867058 E-mail:
pcbsmt1997@163.com
Continued from page 1
much higher frequency. However, all experimental efforts to prove this ef- fect in graphene over the past ten years have not been successful. “We have now been able to pro-
vide the first direct proof of frequen- cy multiplication from gigahertz to terahertz in a graphene monolayer and to generate electronic signals in the terahertz range with remarkable efficiency,” explains Dr. Michael Gensch, whose group conducts re- search on ultrafast physics and oper- ates the TELBE terahertz radiation source at the HZDR. With this breakthrough, the re-
searchers are paving the way for ultra- fast, graphene-based nanoelectronics. “We were not only able to experimen- tally demonstrate a long-predicted ef- fect in graphene for the first time, but also to understand it quantitatively well at the same time,” says professor Dmitry Tuchinovich, experimental physicist at UDE. The long-awaited experimental
proof of extremely efficient terahertz high harmonics generation in graphene has succeeded with the help of a trick. The researchers used graphene that contains many free electrons, which come from the inter- action of graphene with the substrate onto which it is deposited, as well as with the ambient air. If these mobile electrons are ex-
cited by an oscillating electric field, they share their energy very quickly with the other electrons in graphene, which then react much like a heated fluid. From an electronic “liquid,” fig- uratively speaking, an electronic “va- por” forms within the graphene. The change from the “liquid” to the “va- por” phase occurs within trillionths of a second and causes particularly rapid and strong changes in the con- ductivity of graphene. The scientists used electromag- netic pulses from the TELBE facility
Only Sonobond delivers these ultrasonic welding advantages…
• Exclusive tin-coated wire splicing, as well as welding aluminum, copper, nickel alloys, precious metals and dissimilar metals.
• One-pulse wire splicing up to 100mm2 and tinned .
wire to 60mm2
• Spot welds and wire-to-terminal welds also delivered in a single hit. Welding by time, energy, or distance.
• Durable Taper Lock tips that last up to 100,000 welds.
• Fast, easy tooling changes with no re-calibration required.
ultrasonically spliced with our welders
We’ll prove it with free sample welds.
There’s no cost or obligation to send us your specifi c materials for sample welds! You’ll see the results before you buy the unit that’s right for your application. So contact us today!
with frequencies between 300 and 680 GHz and converted them in the graphene into electromagnetic pulses with three, five and seven times the initial frequency, i.e. up-converted them into the terahertz frequency range.
“The nonlinear coefficients de-
scribing the efficiency of the genera- tion of this third, fifth and seventh harmonic frequency were exception- ally high,” explains Turchinovich. “Graphene is thus possibly the elec- tronic material with the strongest nonlinearity known to date. The good agreement of the measured values with our thermodynamic model sug- gests that we will also be able to use it to predict the properties of ultra- high-speed nanoelectronic devices made of graphene.” Professor Mischa Bonn, director
of the MPI-P, who was also involved in this work, emphasizes, “Our discov- ery is groundbreaking. We have demonstrated that carbon-based elec- tronics can operate extremely effi- ciently at ultrafast rates. Ultrafast hybrid components made of graphene and traditional semiconductors are al- so conceivable.” The experiment was performed
using the novel, superconducting-ac- celerator-based TELBE terahertz ra- diation source at the ELBE Center for High-Power Radiation Sources at the HZDR. Its hundred times higher pulse rate over typical laser-based terahertz sources made the measure- ment accuracy required for the inves- tigation of graphene possible in the first place. A data processing method de-
veloped as part of the EU project EU- CALL allows the researchers to actu- ally use the measurement data taken with each of the 100,000 light pulses per second. “For us there is no bad data,” says Gensch. “Since we can measure every single pulse, we gain orders of magnitude in measurement accuracy. In terms of measurement technology, we are at the limit of what is currently feasible.” Web:
www.hzdr.de r
Contents
Tech-Op-Ed ........................... 4 Tech Watch ........................... 10 People.................................... 12 Business News......................... 14 Business Briefs........................ 15 Management......................... 16 EMS .................................... 18 ElectronicMfg. Prods............. 26 Production............................ 58 Partnering............................. 60 Distribution........................... 62 New Products....................... 110 High-Tech Events................... 120 Editorial Calendar................. 120 Advertisers Index................... 122
Special Focus: Test and Automation.................. 64
800-323-1269 • 610-696-4710 • Fax 610-692-0674
Web:
www.SonobondUltrasonics.com • Email:
Sales@SonobondUltrasonics.com © 2018 Sonobond Ultrasonics, Inc.
Product Preview: Multishow.................................. 82
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124
