922
Journal of Paleontology 91(5):919–932
Table 2. List of characters used in the cladistic analysis indicating each partition and the character states (only for the qualitative partition). The characters also used as variables in the morphometric analysis are indicated on the right with the acronyms used in Table 1.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Continuous Partition: ratios (CPR) 0
Length of the occipital ring (sag.) as proportion of the Length of the glabella (sag., excluding the occipital ring) Length of preglabellar field (sag.) as proportion of length of preglabelar area (sag.) Length of preglabellar field (sag.) as proportion of length of occipital ring (sag.) Width of fixed cheek posterior to eyes (tr.) as proportion of width of occipital ring (tr.) Length of posterior cephalic border as proportion of length of occipital ring (sag.) Width of glabella at base (tr.) as proportion of length of glabella (sag. excluding occipital ring)
Length of glabella (sag. excluding occipital ring) as proportion of length of cephalon (sag.)
10 11 12 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Width of thoracic axis (tr.) compared to width of whole segment (tr., excluding pleural spines) on anterior segments Length of pygidium (sag.) as proportion of maximun width of pygidium (tr.) Width of interocular genae as proportion of width of glabella at eye line Length of palpebral lobes (exasag.) as proportion of the length of glabella (sag.) Number of visible pairs of lateral glabellar furrows
Number of segments (excluding terminal piece) in pygidial axis Number of thoracic segments
Continuous Partition: Geometric Mean (CPGM) 0
Length of Cephalon (sag.)
10 11 12 13 14
16 17
Length of glabella (sag., excluding occipital ring) Length of the occipital ring (sag.) Length of preglabellar area (sag.) Length of preglabellar field (sag.) Width of the posterior fixigenae (tr.) Length of porterior border (exasag.) Width of the glabella at the base (tr.) Width of the thoracic axis (tr.) Length of the pygidium (sag.) Width of interocular genae (tr.) Length of palpebral lobes (exasag.)
LC Lgl
LOR LPA LPF
WPF WglB
Number of visible pairs of lateral glabellar furrows
Number of segments (excluding terminal piece) in pygidial axis Number of thoracic segments
Qualitative Partition (DP) 15
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
Anterior margin of cranidium, medially. 0: transverse; 1: concave forward, 2: convex
Positions of palpebral lobes. 0: center to S2; 1: center anterior to S2; 2: center posterior to S2 Degree of convexity of anterior cephalic border, in dorsal view. 0: strongly convex; 1: more weakly convex. Anterior border furrow. 0: without pits; 1: with pits.
Shape of anterior termination of glabella. 0: medially concave; 1: rounded.
Shape of the glabella. 0: tapered forward; 1: approximately parallel-sided; 2: tapered backward; 3: expands anteriorly Condition of preoccipital furrow (S1). 0: simple; 1: adaxially bifurcate. Shape of S1 furrows. 0: straight or simply curved; 1: sigmoid. Shape of S2 furrows. 0: straight; 1: sinuous.
Length of S2 furrows. 0: equal to S1; 1: shorter than S1.
Elevation of preglabellar field. 0: confluent with cheeks; 1: raised to form preglabellar boss. Preglabellar field. 0: smooth; 1: striated.
Condition of S3 furrow. 0: furrows; 1: slits very shorts; 2: faint depressions.
Posterior branch of facial suture. 0: straight or slightly sinuous; 1: very sinuous. Occipital ring. 0: simple; 1: trisegmented.
Eye ridges. 0: elevated, well developed, 1:barely visible.
Direction of eye ridges. 0: eye-ridges run transversely; 1: eye-ridges run backwards and outwards obliquely. Occipital node. 0: conspicuous 1: barely visible 2: absent
Posterior border furrow of cranidium. 0: deep, ends near the genal angle; 1: distally faint. Length of genal spines. 0: short; 1: long.
Definition of posterior margin of pygidial axis. 0: well defined; 1: poorly defined.
Type species.—Parabolinella limitis Brøgger, 1882 (Bassler, 1915) from upper Tremadocian of Scandinavia.
Remarks.—Parabolinella is a monophyletic group supported by one nonhomoplastic synapomorphy, the presence of an adaxially bifurcated S1 furrow; palpebral lobes centered to S2; anterior termination of the glabella rounded, S2 furrows shorter than S1, the preglabellar field occupies a larger proportion of the preglabellar area (sag.), a well-developed preglabellar field (sag.), and a short (sag.) glabella with a narrow base (tr.).
Parabolinella triarthroides Harrington, 1938 Figure 2.1, 2.2
1938 Parabolinella triarthroides Harrington, p. 194, pl. 7, figs. 10,11.
1957 Parabolinella triarthroides; Harrington and Leanza, p. 105, figs. 39.1a, 39.1b.
1988 Parabolinella triarthroides; Rushton, p. 686, fig. 3c.
2003 Parabolinella triarthroides; Waisfeld and Vaccari, p. 330, pl. 32, figs. 14–18.
Medial portion of posterior margin of pygidium. 0: curved, convex; 1: subangular, convex; 2: transverse; 3: concave. Course of posterior margin of fixed cheeks. 0: transverse; 1: curved back distally; 2: curved forward. Course of occipital furrow medially (S0). 0: transverse; 1: convex forward.
Condition of anterior branch of facial suture, measured as the angle formed by this and sagittal axis. 0: convergent (α ≤–5º); 1: subparalell (10º>α>–5 º); 2: moderately divergent (30º>α>10º); 3: very divergent (≥30º).
WIG LPL
LOR/Lgl LPF/LPA LPF/LOR WPF/WOR
Lgl/LC LglB/Lgl
WIG/WglE LPL/Lgl
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