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Journal of Paleontology 91(5):994–1000


that the Procercopidae (Shcherbakov and Popov, 2002) likely just has one single spine (Shcherbakov, 1988; Wang and Zhang, 2009; Li et al., 2013; D. Chen et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2015a). The Sinoalidae differs from the Procercopidae and modern Cercopoidea in having hind tibia with two rows of spines laterally (Fig. 4.4, 4.5; at most four for each row, as shown in the new specimen STMN48-1810). The left and right hind tibiae preserved in STMN48-1810 suggest that lateral spines might be different in number and/or position (Fig. 4.4). Lateral spines (4–6 in number) on the hind tibia of the living aphrophorid Sinophora Melichar, 1902 (Anufriev, 1972; Liang, 1990) are sometimes variable in number for the same species or even the same individuals (Chou et al., 1986; Wang et al., 2012). STMN48-1810 indicates that the number of spines of the hind tibia might be also different intra-individually within the Sinoalidae, or at least their relative position is variable.


Acknowledgments


The authors are extremely grateful to B. Wang and H. Zhang for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manu- script. The present study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41502007), the Natural Scientific Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2013DQ017), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M580480). Many thanks go to two editors, J. Jin and J. Hannibal, and two reviewers, A. Nel and J. Szwedo, who provided many constructive comments, which undoubtedly improved this manuscript.


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Accepted 13 April 2017


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