Ghost rider requesting a flyby
participants to tap into about €5bn a year (the commission will conduct a scoping study to refine this estimate). This window also fosters investment in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Within the EU and elsewhere it is generally taken as axiomatic that SMEs are a key source of technology innovation. Provided their services and products are accepted, this should be supported through technology readiness levels (TRLs) three to five in particular, including certification processes and initial up scaling for the production phase (there are typically nine TRLs). The first EDAP pilot project contract
is worth €1.4m and was signed by the EDA on 28 October 2016. It represents the 2017 launch of the commission’s preparatory action (PA) on defence research. This PA will lead to a fully fledged European defence research programme (EDRP) which will be fully elaborated in the post Horizon 2020 five year budget cycle. EDA chief executive Jorge Domecq called the pilot project: “An important test bed for more defence research funded from the EU budget in the future”.7
The pilot project comprises three sub-projects. The first of these, worth €433,225 is entitled: Inside building awareness and navigation for urban warfare (SPIDER). It comprises proof of concept for special forces/military situational awareness inside buildings (eg, through sensors, communications). The Portuguese technology company TEKEVER leads the consortium. The other participants are IT Aveiro - Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal), Aralia (Spain) and the Bulgarian Defence Institute (BDI). The final project deliverables are scheduled to be completed in November 2017. The second sub-project, worth €433,292, is entitled: Standardisation for remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS) detect and avoid (TRAWA). It seeks to establish an enabler for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) for widespread use in non-segregated airspace in Europe (civil and defence sector). The consortium leader is the Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR), and the other participants are the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) Deep Blue (Italy), Tony Henley Consulting
(UK) and EuroUSC (Italy). Final project deliverables are scheduled to be completed in May 2018. The third sub-project, worth
€433,000, is entitled: Unmanned heterogeneous swarm of sensor platforms (EuroSWARM). It comprises a mapping exercise of military missions involving autonomous, unmanned and heterogeneous ‘swarm’ system of systems using emerging enabling technologies. The consortium leader is Cranfield University (UK). The other participants are the French aerospace agency (ONERA), the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) and the University of Patras (Greece). The final project deliverables are scheduled for completion in November 2017.
Platform technology requirements and developments Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operating parameters include weight, altitude, speed, and sensor configuration. UAVs have to be able to operate or communicate with each other in semi-isolation from the controllers because of inter alia short lines of sight and GPS signal blockages (or blocking) in urban areas. A quadrotor UAV sensor suite typically comprises; a 3-axis gyroscope, a 3-axis accelerometer, a 3-axis magnetomer, pressure sensors, sonar sensor, GPS unit, and payload. The behaviour of UAVs must be
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CBRNe WORLD June 2017 CBRNe Convergence, Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Indiana, USA, 6 - 8 Nov 2017
www.cbrneworld.com/convergence2017 ECBC's LSI combined both UAV and UGV technology ©CBRNe World
evaluated by means of model checking. Since UAVs are reactive systems (ie, systems that maintain constant interaction with the environment in which they operate), programmes have been developed to model such systems, including concurrent programmes, and embedded and process control programmes. Input-output behaviour models are not applicable. This is because such models do not capture the changes between one state (an instantaneous description of the system that captures the variables at a particular instant of time) as it transitions to another state. Thus, for example, Kripke structure (or Kripke modelling) is a type of state transition graph that can be used to reflect the behaviour of reactive systems in an
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