software and controls
Key technologies that implement end-to-end architecture of energy storage in the grid.
Focus must be placed on the energy storage options that are already available, such as battery and pumped-hydro stor- age. This is indeed happening, with, for example, a renais- sance in pumped hydro. Equally, modern batteries can store more energy, deliver more power, last longer and need little or no maintenance. Thanks to developments in power conver- sion with power electronics, these batteries can be seam- lessly integrated into both AC and DC grids.
Key Technologies For successful energy storage, several other technologies
are needed in addition to the storage technology itself. These can be considered as three distinct layers: power technology, control and “smartness.”
The power technology layer must ensure the safe, stable electrical connection of the energy storage media to the grid, encompassing the storage media, power electronic conver- sion and the AC grid connection or substation. Next, all ele- ments of the energy storage system and the substation must be controlled locally to ensure safe, precise operation and the ability to execute commands from the grid-level control. With the power technology and control layers in place, the “smartness” layer is needed to determine and schedule the optimum state for each asset in the grid. Binding these three layers together is the end-to-end architecture needed to achieve true energy storage in the grid. The basic function of energy storage in the grid is to allow energy generated at one time to be used at another. The du-
ration for which the energy storage system may need to continuously charge or discharge is perhaps the main difference between the various energy storage applications and has a strong infl uence on the choice of storage media. Many energy storage tech- nologies work with DC natively—for example capacitors, supercapacitors and batteries. To connect these to an AC grid, power electronics are needed for the conversion step. In addition, even those energy storage technologies that are natively AC— for example, pumped hydro and fl ywheels—rely on power electronics to optimally integrate them into an AC grid.
Once electrically tied into the
grid, an energy storage system must be effectively controlled. A range of control hardware and software is needed to suit all energy storage applications, ranging from distributed control systems for applications such as microgrids, through dedi- cated power generation control systems for pumped-hydro storage plants.
Once integrated locally into the grid and effectively
controlled, the benefi t of an energy storage system can only be felt grid-wide if it is managed in concert with all other generators, loads and other storage systems. The network management system needs to be capable of managing and optimizing assets that are energy-limited as well as power- limited. This optimization must be based on economic as well as technical criteria. ABB offers all of the solutions to achieve this. The ABB
Ventyx Network Manager is a versatile control center solution for managing the grid. The generation management system (GMS) within Network Manager—SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition)/GMS—enables bulk storage facilities such as pumped hydro or larger battery energy storage facili- ties to be scheduled and dispatched directly along with all the other power stations in the grid. Where there are many smaller storage systems and distributed energy resources—such as rooftop solar—dis- tributed throughout the grid, the Ventyx demand response management system (DRMS) can be used to consolidate them into a virtual power plant. The generation management
54 — Energy Manufacturing 2015
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154 |
Page 155 |
Page 156 |
Page 157 |
Page 158 |
Page 159 |
Page 160 |
Page 161 |
Page 162 |
Page 163 |
Page 164 |
Page 165 |
Page 166 |
Page 167 |
Page 168 |
Page 169 |
Page 170 |
Page 171 |
Page 172 |
Page 173 |
Page 174 |
Page 175 |
Page 176 |
Page 177 |
Page 178 |
Page 179 |
Page 180 |
Page 181 |
Page 182 |
Page 183 |
Page 184 |
Page 185 |
Page 186 |
Page 187 |
Page 188 |
Page 189 |
Page 190 |
Page 191 |
Page 192 |
Page 193 |
Page 194 |
Page 195 |
Page 196 |
Page 197 |
Page 198 |
Page 199 |
Page 200 |
Page 201 |
Page 202 |
Page 203 |
Page 204 |
Page 205 |
Page 206 |
Page 207 |
Page 208 |
Page 209 |
Page 210 |
Page 211 |
Page 212 |
Page 213 |
Page 214 |
Page 215 |
Page 216 |
Page 217 |
Page 218 |
Page 219 |
Page 220 |
Page 221 |
Page 222 |
Page 223 |
Page 224