60 CHAPTER 5


subsistence agriculture to commercial agriculture (NNPC 2004). The results underline the greater demand for postproduction advisory services (especially regarding postharvest handling) among beneficiaries and the weak demand for production technologies. Thus there is a need to increase the capacity of beneficiaries to demand production technologies to avoid potential land degradation.


Fadama II has had limited impact on the provision of production advisory services. However, the ADP has focused on providing production advisory ser- vices using mainly a supply-driven approach. Thus the two projects appear to be complementing each other but use different approaches. The country has used several extension approaches promulgated by donors and projects (Oladele, Koyoma, and Sakagama 2004). As it strives to reform its extension services to be more pluralistic, the government needs to harmonize existing approaches and seek to use those that are complementary rather than con- flicting (Oladele, Koyoma, and Sakagama 2004). Complementary approaches will certainly increase the effectiveness of the advisory services. For example, Fadama II has already resulted in experience gained in providing demand- driven nonproduction technologies (postharvest, marketing, and processing technologies), whereas the ADP has inculcated extensive experience in pro- viding production technologies. However, technologies that require expensive investments with long-term payoffs (such as soil and water conservation structures) may have low demand (Qamar 2005). Therefore, their adoption may initially require the ADP supply- driven approach. It is also important for Fadama II to invest in providing advisory services on production technologies, because the ADP has limited funding to provide such services. Provision of production advisory services will increase the returns from the large investment that Fadama II beneficiaries make when they acquire productive assets. For example, providing advisory services on fish farming could help to increase productivity of that new enterprise.


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