10 CHAPTER 3
impacts are not as readily felt (World Bank 2007a). A total of 7,511 sub- projects were undertaken in the PAA component, representing 67 percent of the subprojects undertaken in all components of Fadama II. At the time of the MTR, at least 67 percent of all PAA subprojects under the local development plans had been completed, and 27 percent were ongoing. Thus 94 percent of PAA subprojects have been funded and almost completed, indicating the effectiveness of and high demand for this component by fadama resource users. In the second section of Chapter 5 we quantify the value of productive assets acquired and measure the impact of Fadama II on PAA across several comparison groups.
Rural Infrastructure
The MTR reports that 2,817 rural infrastructure projects had been initiated, 63 percent of which were completed (World Bank 2007a). This significant achievement is likely a result of the large amount of matching funds paid by the project (90 percent), a level that certainly contributed to the fast acceptance and implementation of the rural-infrastructure component. An important issue is the sustainability of the component after the project ends. The commitment of beneficiary communities to adequately maintain the infrastructure using their own resources is not yet clear but might have been undermined by the large contribution from the project. In addition, the 90 percent contribution provided by the project will be costly to replicate in other areas.
Contribution of This Study
In general, the MTR indicates that the accomplishments of Fadama II have been positive for all components except monitoring and evaluation, which was rated as marginally satisfactory (World Bank 2007a). However, the MTR did not quantify the impacts of the project on community and household wealth or income or other expected outcomes of the project. Also, the approach used in the MTR did not control for factors outside the project that could affect outcomes. The major contribution of this study is its approach of investigating counterfactual nonproject communities and households as well as project beneficiaries, allowing better attribution of outcomes to the project. This approach is important for evaluating not only Fadama II but also many other projects whose results are studied without using comparison groups (Mansuri and Rao 2004).
This study uses quasi-experimental and econometric methods to control for factors that could affect project outcomes. The main focus of the study is
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