FADAMA II: BACKGROUND AND APPROACH 5
gram to the CDD approach. Fadama II also includes other fadama resource users that the first project had ignored. As discussed later in this chapter, Fadama II also supports activities and services other than production. Consistent with the CDD approach, project activities are centered on Fadama User Groups (FUGs) and Fadama Community Associations (FCAs). An FUG comprises fadama users with a common economic interest and is therefore a type of economic interest group (EIG). The FUGs also included groups that are not related to Fadama resources. For example, beneficiaries formed groups around common nonfarm activities, such as the manufacture of women’s apparel and shoe cobbling.
FCAs are the associations of FUGs operating in a given area. Each FCA designs and oversees the implementation of a local development plan, which becomes the blueprint of Fadama II and the development project in that FCA. The major productive sectors that Fadama II supports include crops, livestock, agroforestry, fishing, and fish farming. Addressing one of the weaknesses of Fadama I, Fadama II also supports postproduction activities that are closely linked to the project’s productive activities. These include agroprocessing enterprises and rural marketing service providers. As part of its targeting strategy, Fadama II gives special preference to groups of youth, female household heads (especially widows), physically challenged persons, the elderly, and people with HIV/AIDS. Targeted groups can belong to any of the productive or service sectors supported by the project. Because Fadama II uses the CDD approach, beneficiaries are given the chance to choose the kind of activities they want to pursue under the project. However, there are some activities that the project does not support, such as those that could lead to degradation of natural resources or large-scale changes in land use (NFDO 2006). The project also does not support social services, such as building schools and clinics. Under the CDD approach of Fadama II, all users of fadama resources are encouraged to develop participatory and socially inclusive local development plans.
Approach
Selection Criteria for Participating States and Beneficiaries Fadama II was designed to operate for six years (2004–10) with the goal of con- tributing to poverty reduction in Nigeria. Actual implementation did not begin until September 2005, however. Even though the project focuses on states with significant fadama areas, it also operates in other states. For example, Lagos is an urban state but was selected as one of the 12 Fadama II states. Selection of the states was based on their readiness to manage Fadama II. States were also required to prepare Fadama II development programs that target the poor and
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