EMPIRICAL RESULTS 57
Lagos, Ogun, and states in the dry savannah zone, are using local languages in the projects financed by Fadama II.
Factors Affecting Adoption of Technologies
To determine the impact of Fadama II on the adoption of production and post- production technologies, we analyzed the factors that determine adoption of these technologies, including Fadama II participation as a covariate. Table 5.15 shows that participation in Fadama II significantly increased the propensity to adopt soil fertility technologies, despite the low demand for such technologies by Fadama II beneficiaries reported earlier. This result sug- gests that the adoption of soil fertility management practices came largely from supply-driven approaches, an observation that is consistent with Qamar (2005). Participation in Fadama II also increased the adoption of business planning, livestock management, postharvest technologies, marketing prac- tices (including marketing intelligence, group marketing, and bargaining), and financial management. In contrast, female household heads were less likely to adopt the last four technologies and practices. These findings on the impact of Fadama II participation were expected, given that Fadama II offered advisory services on financial and marketing issues to beneficiaries as part of its capacity-strengthening activities, and the difference on impact by gender is in line with the common phenomenon that women often have limited opportunity to make use of advanced technologies. Large families were less likely to adopt postharvest technologies, marketing, and business and financial management technologies, and thus are less likely to be involved in marketing and nonproduction technologies. Consistent with other studies (Scherr and Hazell 1994; Nkonya et al. 2004), education reduces the propensity to adopt labor-intensive technologies (soil and water conserva- tion structures and soil fertility practices). However, education increases the probability of adopting livestock management practices, which are likely to have higher returns to labor, given that demand for livestock products has been increasing in Nigeria and elsewhere in the world because of increasing incomes (Delgado et al. 1999; Ogunyika and Marsh 2006). The value of rainfed land area reduces the probability of adopting improved crop varieties, livestock produc- tion, postharvest technologies, financial and business management practices, and marketing technologies.8 This trend could be due to the adoption of crop varieties and marketing and financial management technologies for large-scale farmers prior to 2004–05, which pre-empted the need to adopt new technolo- gies during the study period (2004–05 through 2005–06).
8 Rainfed land area is the area of land that is not irrigated and in which crop production depends entirely on rainfall.
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