CHAPTER 4
Methodological Framework Study Area
his study was conducted in the 12 states participating in Fadama II. As shown in Figure 4.1, the 12 states lie in three major agroecological zones (Maziya-Dixon et al. 2004): humid forest (Imo, Lagos, and Ogun), moist savannah (Adamawa, the Federal Capital Territory, Oyo, and Taraba), and dry savannah (Bauchi, Gombe, Kaduna, Kebbi, and Niger). In each partici- pating state, the project was implemented in 10 selected LGAs.
T
Sample Selection Household Survey
To analyze the impact of Fadama II on beneficiaries and the spillover of benefits to nonparticipants living in Fadama II communities, we divided the sampling frame into three strata: (1) households with at least one member participating directly in the project, (2) households living in Fadama II com- munities but not directly participating in the project (although they might benefit indirectly), and (3) households living in fadama resource areas outside the Fadama II LGAs but with socioeconomic and biophysical characteristics comparable to Fadama II communities in the same state. We expected non- beneficiaries living in communities participating in Fadama II to be affected by spillovers, such as construction of rural infrastructure and provision of advisory services. For example, project participants living in a Fadama II community that built a culvert could use the same road to transport their produce, and information about new technologies provided by the Fadama II advisory services might be shared with nonparticipants. This stratification was designed to allow for estimation of the direct and indirect effects of Fadama II. By comparing project outcomes for direct beneficiaries with outcomes for similar (in terms of initial productive-asset endowments, education, and so forth) nonparticipating households in the same communities, we obtained an estimate of the direct impacts of Fadama II participation. Because nonparticipating households in the Fadama II com-
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