G3-247 Report NEW ZEALAND
All the elements in harmony
All public gambling in New Zealand is expected to return a portion of profits to the community, with the largest proportion of the gambling industry operated by state-owned institutions. Has New Zealand found the right gaming balance?
New Zealand is an island located in the south west Pacific Ocean and geographically comprises of two main land masses – North Island (Te Ilk-a-Maui) and South Island (Te Waipounamu) alongside numerous small islands.
It is situated some 1,500 km east of Australia across the Tasmanian Sea and because of its remoteness was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. Due to its long isolation it developed a distinctive biodiversity of animal and plant life including a large number of unique bird species.
The Polynesians settled in New Zealand in 1250-1300 CE and developed a distinctive Maori culture, which were divided into two tribes called the Iwi and Hapu. A group migrated to the Chatham Islands where they developed their Moriori culture which has since died out.
Abel Tasman, a Dutch explorer was the first European to 4 0
sight New Zealand in 1642 and he called the land ‘Staten Landt’. It was later renamed ‘Nova Zeelandia’ after the Dutch province of Zeeland and British explorer James Cook later anglicised the name to New Zealand.
In the 19th century the introduction of potatoes and musket weapons transformed Maori agriculture and warfare. Potatoes provided a reliable food surplus whilst the Musket Wars led to a series of 3,000 years of inter tribal battles fought in New Zealand and the Chatham Islands amongst the Maori tribes. Finally in 1840 the British and the Maoris signed a treaty to make New Zealand a colony of the British Empire.
Immigrant numbers soared and conflicts escalated and Maori land was confiscated in the mid North Island and economic depressions followed.
On the plus side New Zealand became the first nation to grant women the right to vote in 1893 and a welfare state
was set up in 1930s when the first Labour government came into power.
As World War II ended the Maoris began to leave their traditional rural life and move to the cities in search of work and during the 1950s the country enjoyed one of the highest standards of living in the world. However the 1970s saw deep recession and the country underwent major economic changes during the 1980s which trans- formed the country from a protectionist to a liberalised free trade economy.
Meanwhile the North and South Island are separated by the Cook Strait which is 22 kilometres wide at its nar- rowest point. Besides these two large islands the five largest inhabited islands include Steward Island, Chatham Islands, Great Barrier Island, d’Urville Island and Waiheke Island.
New Zealand is a long thin country and over 1,600km
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68