24 JAAHA /
jaaha.org
ORIGINAL STUDIES
Biomechanical Testing of Locking and Nonlocking Plates in the Canine Scapula
AE Acquaviva, EI Miller, DJ Eisenmann, RT Stone, KH Kraus
ABSTRACT Locking plates have been shown to offer improved fixa- tion in fractures involving either osteoporotic bone or bone with lesser screw pullout strength, such as thin and flat bones. Fractures of the scapular body are one type of fracture where the screw pullout strength using conven- tional plate fixation may not be sufficient to overcome physiologic forces. The purpose of this study was to com- pare the pullout strengths of locking plates to conven- tional nonlocking plates in the canine scapula. A 2.7mm string of pearls plate (SOP) and a 2.7 mm limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) were applied with similar divergent screws to the supraspinatus fossa of the scapula. Forces perpendicular to the plates were ap- plied and both the loads at failure and modes of failure were recorded. No differences were noted in loads at failure between the two plating systems. Although the modes of failure were not significantly different, the SOP constructs tended to fail more often by bone slicing and coring whereas the LC-DCP constructs failed primarily by screw
stripping.Neither of the plate systems used in this study demonstrated a distinct mechanical advantage. The application and limitations of locking plate systems in various clinical situations require further study.
ORIGINAL STUDIES
Antimicrobial Resistance and Pharmacodynamics of Canine and Feline Pathogenic E. coli in the United States
D Boothe, T Smaha, DM Carpenter, B Shaheen, T Hatchcock
ABSTRACT Percent resistance and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were described for canine (n = 301) and feline (n = 75) pathogenicEscherichia coli (E. coli) isolates solicited dur- ing May 2005 to Sep 2005 from the Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory at Auburn University (n = 165) or commercial diagnostic laboratories ([CDL]; n = 211) from four regions in the USA. Drugs tested were amoxicillin (AMX), amoxicil- lin trihydrate/clavulanate potassium (AMXC), cefpodoxime (CFP), doxycycline (DXY), enrofloxacin (ENR), gentamicin (GM) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS). Urinary isolates were most common (n = 174). Percent resistance was greatest for isolates from the respiratory tract, urine, and skin compared with the ear. Resistance was also great- est for samples sent from the south and central states compared with the western states (P ≤ 0.001). Percent resistance by drug was AMX (46 ± 2.6%) > AMXC (37 ± 2.5%) >CFP (21.8 ± 2%) =DXY (22 ± 2.1%) =ENR (20 ± 2.1%) = TMS (19 ± 2%) >GM (12 ± 1.7%). There was a significant difference in resistance between the different antibiotic drugs (P ≤ 0.001). Population MIC distributions were bimodal, and MICs were highest in samples from the southern states (P ≤ 0.001). E. coli resistance may limit its empirical treatment. For susceptible isolates, AMX and AMXC may be least effective and TMS most effective.
RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES
Ectopic Ureters in Male Dogs: Review of 16 Clinical Cases (1999–2007)
KJ Anders, MA McLoughlin, VF Samii, DJ Chew, KL Cannizzo, IC Wood, DL Weisman
ABSTRACT Ureteral ectopia is a well-described cause of urinary incontinence in female dogs, but this condition has not been completely characterized in male dogs. Sixteen male dogs with ectopic ureters were evaluated between Jan 1999 and Mar 2007. Male dogs were similar to fe- male dogs with ectopic ureters in terms of breed, pre- senting complaint, age of onset, and bilateral nature of the ectopia. Diagnosis was made by expert interpreta- tion of imaging techniques such as excretory urography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Overall, 11/13 dogs that had surgical correction of ec- topic ureters were incontinent preoperatively. Urinary continence was restored in 82% of those dogs.
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jaaha.org for more information. Trends magazine, November 2012
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