Table of Contents
Rules of the road. The collegial expression often used to refer to Navigation Rules. This is the term used to identify the general statement governing the application of those on-water standard elements for which the boat is making way.
Run. The point of sail on which the wind is directly astern.
Safety Position. When a sailboat has essentially stopped making forward progress (may be drifting as a result of wind or current) on a close reach with the sail(s) luffing and the mainsail eased. This is a maneuver commonly used by sailing dinghies.
Sheet. A line used to control the alignment or angle of a sail relative to the boat and the wind. Skill. The learned capacity, aptitude or ability to do something.
Stand-on vessel. Under the Navigation Rules, the vessel that is obligated to maintain its course or speed, unless it is apparent that the Give-way vessel is not taking early and substantial enough action to avoid the collision.
Standard. The definition of the qualities or characteristics used to judge how well something is accomplished. Skills standards for entry-level, recreational boat operation identify, a) the skill individuals are able to demonstrate; and b) the condition that is fulfilled when the skill is demonstrated to an acceptable level of proficiency. The Instructional Approach Standard identifies a) the characteristic, and b) the criteria of the instructional approach.
Starboard. The right-hand side of the boat when looking forward. Steady course. Maintaining the boat’s intended direction. Stern. The aft part of a boat.
Student-centered instruction. An approach that puts the focus of attention on the student and tailors delivery of instruction to fit the distinct learning needs, preferences and interests of the individual student, or group of students. This approach is often counter to those designed to work best for the education provider (e.g., efficiency and mass production) but that might not be the best approach for learning the particular topic.
Summative feedback. The act of providing students with feedback at the conclusion of a learning experience about their overall level of proficiency obtained as a result of participation. It is used to determine whether a student has successfully acquired the skills associated with the specific learning goals and objectives of the learning experience and to identify future opportunities to continue learning.
Tack. (1) n. The forward lower corner of a sail; (2) v. to change course by turning the bow of a sailboat through the wind; (3) n. a designation according to which side of the boat the wind is blowing onto. The boat is said to be “on a port tack,” or “on a starboard tack.” For the purposes of the Navigation Rules, when on the Running point of sail, the tack is determined by the side of the sailboat that is opposite the mainsail.
Telltale. A short length of light yarn or similar material attached to a sail to indicate the flow of air across it and thus the state of the sail’s trim.
Three points of contact. Includes contact with the boat by any three of the following: individual hand, individual foot or buttocks.
Throttle. The mechanism used to control the engine’s revolutions per minute and used to control the speed of the boat. Tiller. A lever used to control the angle of the rudder and thereby steer the boat. Track. The path that the boat has taken over the ground. Traveler. A car and track system that allows the main sheets attachment point to the deck to be moved aftwartships.
Trim. The relation of a boat’s fore and aft orientation to the water’s surface; e.g., level trim; or bow up or down; or stern up or down. Also, to adjust the angle of outboard motors or stern drives. Underway. When a boat is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground. Upwind. In the direction from which the wind is blowing.
Ventilating. The drawing of air from the surface into the propeller blades disrupting the water flow over the blades causing a sudden loss of thrust and increase in engine RPM. Often occurs in a turn of a planing hull where the propulsion unit moves too close to the surface due to the boats heel.
Windward. Toward the wind.
68 This Technical Support Document was produced in part through USCG grant funds to develop National On-Water Skills Standards. ©2022 United States Sailing Association. Facilitated by Think First Serve.
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