CORE 3 CHAPTER 23


23.5 Tertiary Economic Activities


In general, tertiary activities in the Mezzogiorno are underdeveloped due to the region’s heavy dependency on seasonal tourism. Some 67 per cent of the Mezzogiorno’s population is employed in the tertiary sector, but these jobs are largely seasonal and dependent on the 17 million tourists who arrive annually. We will look at the two areas of tertiary activities:


• Transport Transport


A major issue for the Mezzogiorno is its peripheral location as its lack of developed transport links made it difficult to travel to. Its steep terrain makes the development of communication links both difficult and expensive. Before the Cassa Scheme, the region’s roads were narrow, winding and of poor surface quality, making them slow and dangerous to travel on. Newer, wider roads only began to be built under the Cassa Scheme. The region also lacked railway and port facilities, which made it inaccessible.


Transport was hindered by the mountainous terrain which is covered in snow throughout winter and prone to landslides due to flash flooding. Earthquakes also occur along these routes. The old roads were unable to support larger container trucks, which limited the amount of goods they could transport.


The Cassa Scheme invested €2.5 billion to improve transport infrastructure in the region in order to decrease transport costs and journey times. The largest project was the construction of the Autostrada del Sole (A1 in Fig. 23.22), which linked Naples in the south-east to Milan in the north. This opened a vital arterial link to the richer markets of the north. The Autostrada stretches for over 754 km.


Modern bridges were also built across valleys and tunnels through mountains. This allowed for more direct transport routes. Deep-water ports were developed at Naples, Augusta, Calabria and Taranto to allow for the development of steel manufacturing, petrochemical production and oil and gas refining.


Taranto and Gioia Tauro are now the two busiest ports in the Mediterranean. As a result, the region plays a major role in container traffic in the Mediterranean. Since the end of the Cassa Scheme, the EU Regional Development Fund and the EU Structural Fund have invested in the development of transport in the region. Between 2007 and 2013,


A22 A5


A8 A4


A7 Turin A6 A10 Genoa A26


Milan A1


A21 A15 A12 Livorno A11 A32 A1 A24 A12 A25 Rome A14 A1 A18 Naples A30 A3


Bari Taranto


Pescara A27 A28 A31 A4 A13 Venice


Florence Bologna


A14 A23 • Tourism


ACTIVE LEARNING


1. Prior to the 1950s, what factors discouraged companies from locating in the Mezzogiorno?


2. How did the Cassa Scheme make the region more attractive for industry?


3. Explain fully what is meant by the term ‘growth pole’.


4. What is a ‘brain drain’ and why does it occur in the Mezzogiorno?


5. Why might a company still be unwilling to locate in the region?


Palermo A20 A19


A20 A15 Catania


: Fig. 23.22 Motorways of Italy


GEO DICTIONARY


Arterial link: an important transport route


REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY 433


A


Z


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