In Chapter 2, you learned how the theory of plate tectonics causes a variety of natural phenomena at plate boundaries. In this chapter, you will look at one of these phenomena – volcanoes. Volcanoes are openings or vents in the Earth’s lithosphere. They allow magma from the mantle to reach the surface.
KEY WORDS
l Active l Dormant l Extinct l Acidic lava l Basic lava l Pyroclast l Tephra l Lahar
l Convergent boundary l Divergent boundary l Hotspot l Mid-Atlantic Ridge l Subduction l Antrim-Derry Plateau l Leinster Batholith l Intrusive
l Extrusive l Seismometers l Volcanic tourism l Geothermal energy l Nevada del Ruiz l Mount Pinatubo
LEARNING OUTCOMES
What you must know l The three locations where volcanoes occur l The differences between active, dormant and extinct volcanoes l The two types of lava emitted from a volcano l The different parts of a volcano l How batholiths and lava plateaux are formed l How volcanoes are measured and predicted l Two positive and two negative effects of volcanoes
What you should know l All materials emitted from a volcano l Mount Pinatubo CASE STUDY F l Geothermal energy CASE STUDY F l Nevada del Ruiz CASE STUDY F
What is useful to know l The different volcanic cone structures
