joints. [3m] The expanding ice acts like a wedge and causes the cracks and joints of the rock to enlarge. [3m]
Over time, repeated freeze-thaw cycles cause the rock to break apart into pieces of angular rock called ‘scree’ [3m]. This is referred to as rock disintegration [3m]. Scree rolls down the slopes of mountains under the influence of gravity, accumulating in piles at the bottom [3m]. Examples of scree accumulations can be seen in mountains along the West coast of Ireland, such as Croagh Patrick in Co. Mayo and the peak of Carrantouhill in Co. Kerry [3m].
Answer is well structured and is written in a logical sequence (i.e. from the beginning of the process to the end). Sentences have clear SRPs, with each key term developed to show understanding.
Now, try to answer the above question, by explaining the process of carbonation.
HIGHER LEVEL
The following question appeared on the 2013 Higher Level paper. It is worth 30 marks and requires you to know at least one process of physical weathering or one process of chemical weathering.
EXAM QUESTION Explain the process(es) of physical weathering or the process(es) of chemical weathering. 2013 Q3C 30M
The following table includes all of the key terms and elements needed to fully answer this question. You may answer on physical or chemical weathering.
You have the options of including a diagram or dividing your answer into two headings (i.e. discussing two processes of chemical/physical weathering).
Freeze-thaw Action Disintegration Stress
Upland areas
Joints/fractures Wedging Scree
Croagh Patrick
Physical Weathering Peeling
Chemical Weathering Exfoliation
Expansion Contraction
Fluctuating temperature Diurnal range Freezing point (0 °C) Expansion
Desert climate Strata/joints
Quartz/feldspar Scree
Block disintegration Doming
Arizona Desert SAMPLE ANSWER
Chemical weathering refers to the breaking down of rock through chemical reactions between rock minerals and water [2m].
