(v) Complete the paragraph below using the words provided: suspension


dropping saltation solution calcite energy


dragged


traction sea


As a river moves from source to mouth, it transports its load in a number of ways. Large pebbles and stones are rolled and moving water. This is known as


along the riverbed by the force of


along the riverbed, which is known as water by from


and carry these in


. Smaller pebbles and stones are bounced . Tiny particles are held in the


. The water is moving quickly so this prevents the small particles to the riverbed. The river water can also dissolve minerals such as . They cannot be seen in the water.


Rivers drop their load when they begin to slow down and lose happens when a river reaches flat ground or enters a lake or the


(vi) Answer all of the short questions below. (a) What are interlocking spurs?


Exam Hint


If you are unsure of the answers to any of the short questions, this will highlight topics that may require some further revision.


(b) Why does a river have a V-shaped valley in its youthful stage?


. This usually .


(c) What processes are at work in the formation of a waterfall?


(d) In what stage of a river’s journey would you expect to find a floodplain? Why?


(e) What is the name of the fertile material deposited on a floodplain that is very good for farming?


(f) What are levees and how are they formed?


11 RIVERS 115


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