Charley: Well, I can’t repair it, but I can replace it. Sarah:
Oh, OK. What can you do about the handgrips? They’re split.
Charley: Sarah:
Charley:
I can replace them, or I can repair them with duct tape.
But the biggest problem is this spoke. It’s bent. The wheel is the wrong shape.
That’s OK. I can bend it back. Now, go and buy me some stuff.
Sarah: Where can I buy it from? Charley: The hardware store in the high street is good.
055
Unit 4, English in action: Asking for directions Exercises B & C
Listen. Where is each item in the shop? Write the location on her shopping list.
Sarah: Excuse me. Assistant: Are you all right there? Sarah: Yes. Where’s the wire wool? Assistant: At the back. Aisle 8. Sarah: And the WD-40? Assistant: That’s Aisle 11, on the right. Sarah: And what about the chain oil? Assistant: It’s on the left. Aisle 2. Sarah: OK, thanks. Oh, and I need some duct tape. Assistant: It’s in Aisle 18. In the centre, near the front. Sarah: Thanks again. Assistant: No problem.
056 Unit 4, Making the right choice Exercise B
Listen to Part 1 of Brad’s talk. Tick (✔) or cross (✘) each material for each statement (1–6).
Hello. I’m Brad Mills. Welcome to Shop Talk on
engineering.com. This time on Shop Talk, I’m going to talk about a problem in engineering. It’s quite a familiar one – I mean, it happens all the time. Engineers and designers must choose the best material for a device, a machine or a structure. So I’m going to look at the properties of two materials and I’m going to ask: Which material is better? The first material is steel. Steel is not an element. Steel is made from iron, of course. Iron is an element with the symbol Fe. It is the fourth most common element on Earth, and steel, made from iron, is a very important material in engineering. OK. So that’s steel. Now what about the second material? The second material is aluminium. Aluminium is an element. It has the symbol Al. It is also very common. In fact, it is the third most common element on Earth. It is also very important in engineering. So we have steel and aluminium. We can use both materials for constructing machines.
057 Unit 4, Making the right choice Exercise C
Listen to Part 2 of Brad’s talk. We can use both steel or aluminium for machines. So why is steel used for most cars? There are three main reasons. Firstly, there is the price. Steel is cheaper than aluminium. In fact, aluminium costs five times more than steel. Yes, five times. So the first reason is price. Steel is cheaper.
What’s the second reason? It’s strength. Both aluminium and steel are strong, but steel is stronger. It’s about 1.5 times as strong as aluminium.
So, we have price and strength. Finally, magnetism. Yes, really, magnetism. We make cars from steel because it is magnetic. Aluminium is not magnetic. Why do we want magnetic cars? Do we want nails and screws to stick onto the car? No! Magnetism is important because of recycling. Recycling is using materials again. Recycling is very important in many parts of the world now. For example, there is a law in the European Union: Ninety-five per cent of every car must be recycled. We can recycle steel and we can recycle aluminium. But steel is magnetic so it is easy to separate steel from other materials. Aluminium is not magnetic, so it is much harder to recycle. There is, however, a serious problem with steel. It rusts easily in the air. In other words, the surface of the material changes and parts of the surface break away. Rust weakens the material. But car manufacturers deal with this problem nowadays. They paint the steel and protect it from the air.
Right. So, we use steel for cars because it is cheap, strong and magnetic. Why do we use aluminium for planes? I’m going to give you the answer to that question next time. Thanks for listening.
058
Unit 4, Making the right choice Grammar for listening: Predicting the next word
Listen to five sentences from the talk. Choose the best word to complete each sentence.
1. There is a serious problem with … 2. It rusts easily in the … 3. In other words, the surface of the material … 4. Parts of the surface break … 5. Rust weakens the …
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