FIRE SAFETY
Low-smoke insulation can protect patients and staff
The dangers of smoke inhalation during a fire cannot be overstated, says Tom Merton, Technical manager at fire protection solutions provider Armacell. Around 95 per cent of fire-related fatalities result from toxic smoke rather than burns, which means it is imperative for specifiers to take proactive measures to prepare for potential fire emergencies. Here, he investigates how the development of new insulation materials is helping to create a safer, more energy efficient healthcare environment.
Fire safety requires a multifaceted approach, including escape plans, fire compartments, fire doors, smoke alarms, firestopping, amongst many others. It also requires careful specification of insulation materials, meaning those that have low smoke emissions. Taking this approach can significantly reduce the risks associated with smoke inhalation and enhance chances of survival in the event of a fire. While conventional elastomeric products
that contain brominated flame retardants are very effective at inhibiting combustion in fires, they tend to produce a high level of smoke. That is why we have focused on developing intrinsically flame-resistant polymers by using our ArmaPrene patented technology. We now offer a complete range of B/BL-s1,d0 classified elastomeric insulation tubes and sheets, which are able to help healthcare specifiers address regulatory frameworks and compliance standards. This classification is often referenced in contexts related to building materials and fire safety.
Meeting fire regulations The designation B/BL-s1,d0 refers to a specific classification system used primarily within the UK & EU’s fire safety regulations. This system categorises materials based on their reaction to fire, assessing how they contribute to fire spread and smoke production. n B: This indicates that the material has a limited contribution to fire, meaning it does not ignite easily and, if it does catch fire, it does not contribute significantly to the spread.
n BL-s1: This part of the classification signifies that the material produces very little smoke when burned (s1). This is critical in ensuring that evacuation routes remain visible during a fire emergency, thereby enhancing safety.
n d0: This part indicates that the material does not produce burning droplets.
The significance of the B/BL-s1,d0 classification cannot be overstated. In healthcare, commercial and residential buildings, materials that meet this classification are often preferred as they contribute to a safer environment. For instance, in high-rise healthcare buildings or public spaces, using materials with low smoke production can significantly reduce the risk of smoke inhalation, which is the leading cause of fatalities in fires.
In practical terms, materials classified as B/BL-s1,d0 are commonly used in various construction applications, including insulation. It also includes interior finishes, and even some types of furniture may fall under this classification, ensuring that they meet stringent safety standards. Additionally, manufacturers and architects often reference this classification to comply with building codes and regulations. This not only helps in ensuring safety but also enhances the marketability of buildings, as clients increasingly seek properties that adhere to high safety standards.
High stakes While standard elastomeric products with brominated flame retardants used on HVAC systems inhibit combustion very effectively in the event of a fire, they tend to produce a high level of smoke. However, recent development of these latest intrinsically flame-resistant polymers resolves this conflict by using ablative protective additives, which means it is no longer necessary to add any brominated flame retardants. This underscores the necessity for healthcare specifiers and building professionals to prioritise the selection of insulation materials, particularly those classified as B/BL-s1,d0. In healthcare facilities, the stakes are particularly high. Hospitals and clinics must ensure that their environments are safe for both patients and staff. The selection of insulation materials is therefore a critical component of this safety strategy. Vulnerable patients may have limited mobility or
October 2025 Health Estate Journal 133
One project included the extension of the Turku University Hospital (TYKS) in Finland, which was built over a railway and motorway.
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