However, under Morsi’ rule, citizens began to protest against the President and the Brotherhood-led government at the perceived drift towards a greater Islamist influence on public life and economic hardship.


Sisi warned the army would intervene if the government did not respond to the ‘will of the people’ and in July 2013 Sisi announced President Morsi had been removed from office. Conflict erupted and Morsi supporters in the Muslim Brotherhood accused Sisi of overturning democracy by deposing of a freely elected President.


Whilst tens of thousands celebrated, Muslim Brotherhood supporters held protests throughout the country. Many Brotherhood leaders were arrested during the protests and the


group’s media channels were shut down whilst more than 1,000 protestors were openly shot and killed during the demonstrations, rallies and sit-ins, whilst tens of thousands were detained or arrested. Morsi died in prison in 2019 whilst on trial.


Sisi is a military officer who had served as an armed forces chief under Morsi. Many hoped he would bring stability to the upheaval in the country since the removal of long-term leader Hosni Mubarak during the Arab Spring uprising in 2011. Others say he represents a return to the authoritarian state which existed under Mubarak.


Sisi won a second term in 2018 against just one opposition candidate. Others had withdrawn from the election bid.


TOURISM AND THE ECONOMY


Egypt is the most populous country in the Arab world and the third most populous in Africa after Nigeria and Ethiopia and 13th in the world.


Te saying Egypt is the gift of the Nile rings true. Without this immense river there would be no fertile land. Much of the country is desert and the majority, around 95 per cent of the population, live along a narrow strip of land running alongside the Nile River occupying about 40,000sq.km.


Egypt is divided into 27 governorates and four cities – Cairo, Alexandria, Port Said and Suez all have governorate status.


Te governor is appointed by the President and WIRE / PULSE / INSIGHT / REPORTS P209


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