17 Summary
Benefiting from high resolution ion mobility separation and the unit mass resolution that is consistent with MS used in routine chemistry labs, HPIMS-MS brings the capability of 2D separation and identification outside the laboratory. The proven record of in-field robustness of IMS systems enables the HPIMS to shield the delicate MS device from harsh environments and improves the reliability of the in-field MS. The improved detection achieved by HPIMS, where the MS is used on-demand, greatly improves the lifetime and mean time between maintenance of the MS system. HPIMS-MS is in a rapidly-accelerating phase of application development; being fast, accurate, and a sensitive two-dimensional detection method of chemicals and biologics at the point of origin, it will become the new normal of routine analytical performance.
Reference
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Figure 5. Ion mobility spectrum 2-piperidinone (top) and mass spectrum of mobility selected 2-piperidin- one dimer at m/z = 199 Da.
[2]. Eiceman, G.A.; Karpas Z., Hill, H.H. Jr. Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Third Edition. CRC Press. 2014.
setting with an AC power outlet.
Figure 4 shows an example of detecting illicit drug molecules. A cocaine sample was introduced to the HPIMS-MS from a sample swab by inserting the swab into the thermal desorber where the cocaine sample was evaporated and ionised via corona discharge ionisation. The full mass spectrum is shown on the left in Figure 4. To increase the ion trap sensitivity and overall system specificity toward the targeted molecule cocaine, only samples with a certain ion mobility were allowed to enter the MS. The greater than unit mass resolution mass spectrum of a cocaine fragment ion is shown in the right spectrum in Figure 4. In many forensic applications, mobility pre- separation, i.e. independent ion mobility identification of the target molecule, is critical. The data obtained based on both ion mobility and mass identification of targeted contrabands can be presented in court similar to conventional GC-MS or HPLC-MS. However, the HPIMS-MS analysis can be done in seconds. With high resolving power from both ion mobility and m/z, HPIMS-MS provides a powerful in-field analytical instrument for complex samples,
such as fentanyl and its analogues, which present constant challenges to current low resolution IMS and spectroscopy systems.
HPIMS-MS can be used for indoor VOC monitoring in an effort towards understanding the VOC compounds related to human health. Figure 5 shows the ion mobility and mass spectra of 2-piperidinone that was investigated related to multiple diseases. 2-piperidinone was introduced to the HPIMS-MS by directly pumping the air sample into the ionisation source where it was ionised by corona discharge ionisation. Multiple peaks were observed in the ion mobility spectrum (top). A pre-defined instrumental method may select, based on drift time, any subset of the mobility- separated ions to pass to the MS. This powerful tool can be used to probe the identity of any ion in the mixture, including detecting clustered analytes and/or neutral adducts. The bottom mass spectrum corresponds to the shaded section in the ion mobility spectrum. From the measured m/z, the mobility separated ions were identified as the dimer of 2-piperidinone with an m/z of 199 Da.
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