Air Monitoring 19


Thermal camera system for range tracking, target signature, and science applications


in harsh environments Teledyne FLIR have announced the release of the new FLIR RS6780 long-range radiometric infrared camera system, designed for range tracking, target signature, outdoor testing, and science applications in all conditions. Featuring continuous zoom, the camera includes an integrated motorised three-position fi lter wheel and optional factory calibrations to support thermography applications up to 3000°C. The optional 3x zoom afocal lens attachment provides engineers and scientists the fl exibility to change the focal range from the standard 50 mm – 250 mm to up to 150 mm – 750 mm, designed to get the most pixels on target and address unique application and testing requirements in the fi eld.


“The RS6780 enables precision long-range measurement and tracking applications by combining a full-feature, radiometric infrared camera sealed within an IP65-rated enclosure to protect it from the elements,” said Desmond Lamont, Global Business Development Manager , Teledyne FLIR. “This small-format camera is perfect for open-air testing, thanks to its ability to detect minute temperature differences at long distances, multiple connectivity and software options for easy integration, and a metric zoom lens that optimises pixel density on target while enabling advanced radiometric measurements, such as radiant intensity. The system also weighs 37 lbs. (16.7 kg) or less for easy deployment and mobility.”


The advanced lens system provides instantaneous, frame-by-frame focal position information to enable factory or custom calibrations for thermography and radiometry applications, including supporting time space position information (TSPI) data collection. It can be deployed as a stand-alone camera or one that is integrated into a larger testing system through the FLIR Science Camera SDK.


Thanks to the fl exibility offered through a variety of connection and video inputs and outputs on the camera, including IRIG , SDI digital, and sync out/in, users can enjoy higher speed and quality video feeds for supporting modern tracking and video systems. The camera also features tri-level sync, providing operators the fl exibility to sync the frame capture of the RS6780 to other types of video output, such as visible or ultraviolet, where the other cameras do not have a sync out/ in option. Additional features include a lock-in capability ideal for non-destructive testing applications and trigger in. Along with Gigabit Ethernet compatibility, the CoaXPress high-speed bus feature supports more ruggedised and lower-cost cable runs compared to fi bre optic.


Users can stream thermal data directly to a computer running Windows, MacOS, or Linux, and for post-processing and analysis, the RS6780 is compatible with the FLIR Research Studio software application.


It also provides access to low-level detector settings and RAW data. This enables users to perform high quality, custom radiometric measurements across approximately 327,000 data points per frame, to generate defensible data as part of research and development projects.


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Ultrafi ne particle monitoring for air quality measurements


Air quality affects us all. While the fi eld of air quality encompasses many aspects, one topic that is been gaining attention in recent years is the measurement of ultrafi ne particles.


Ultrafi nes are particles that are too small to contribute appreciably to mass-based measurements, but are present in ambient air. They are quantifi ed using the concept of ‘number concentration’, or number of particles per cubic centimetre of air. For more on number-based measurements, there are a series of white papers available from TSI.


Measuring the particle number concentration of particles in ambient air is mainly done


using a single particle counting technique and focuses on particles in the size range of ~1 nm to ~1 μm. This technique utilizes a condensation process to make those tiny, invisible particles visible to an optical counter. These Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) work over a wide range of concentrations and can therefore be used both in heavy polluted areas and at background stations. The European standard CEN/TS 16976 describes the use of CPCs to determine atmospheric aerosol number concentrations, while CPC calibration is described in ISO 27891:2015. CPCs are fully automated systems with very low user interaction during long-term operation. TSI has continually built expertise since releasing the fi rst commercially available CPC in 1979.


Using a CPC as the basis, adding sizing capability adds another level of insight. Since airborne particles are present over a very wide size range, various technologies have been developed to measure particle diameter. Ultrafi ne particles can be measured with high time and size resolution, typically covering a particle size range between 1 nm and 1 μm. These ultrafi ne particle spectrometers are based on electrical mobility measurement (as described in ISO15900:2009) and utilize CPCs to count the number of particles in each size channel. Determining the ultrafi ne particle size distribution is described in the new European standard draft CEN/TS 17434 as released in 2019. In this standard, the method ‘Mobility Particle Size Spectrometer (MPSS)’ is used to cover a size range from 10 nm to 800 nm. TSI’s Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) fi ts this need and has been making ambient air measurements worldwide for years.


TSI is a global leader in the fi eld of condensation particle counters and Mobility Particle Size Spectrometers (SMPS, MPSS). The instruments are available in various versions, to cover applications such as new particle formations (down to 1 nm), engine emission measurements, and also ambient monitoring. In the context of developing regulations and evolving science, TSI will continue to serve the ambient monitoring community for years to come.


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Dependable gas fl ow measurement for industrial pollution control and monitoring The engineering team at a coal-


fi red electric power plant utilising ammonia (NH3) for nitrous oxide (NOx) removal by its pollution control system installed the ST100 Series thermal fl ow meter from Fluid Components International (FCI) based on its superior repeatability in measuring NH3 under harsh operating conditions.


The ST100 Series fl ow meter allowed the plant team to optimise its selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system. This step improved performance while substantially reducing NH3 consumption and costs. The meter, with its rugged thermal dispersion sensor head, provides a highly repeatable measurement solution to control vaporised NH3 in such applications.


The engineers at the electric power plant were experiencing problems with inconsistent measurement of the vaporised NH3 injected into their fl ue gas as a means to reduce NOx emissions. The original system utilised a volumetric fl ow sensor, which wasn’t well suited for controlling the NH3 gas injection system. Switching to the mass fl ow sensing ST100 Series Meter, as opposed to taking a volumetric measurement, solved the false readings issue.


Given the ST100 fl ow meter’s standard wide fl ow turndown ratio of 100:1 (up to 1000:1 based on application), and the ability to measure mass fl ow, instead of volumetric fl ow, the engineers decided to conduct a pilot test. They installed the insertion style ST100A thermal fl ow meters on the primary vaporised ammonia feed lines to their nozzle grid for the test.


With the resulting improved measurement reliability, they took the project one-step further and installed in-line style ST100AL thermal fl ow meters at each of their nozzle locations. After proving out the benefi ts in one operating unit, they eventually instrumented the ammonia injection systems for all of the units within the facility.


The ST100 meter can be factory calibrated to measure virtually any popular process gas as well as mixed gases. The technology is suitable for use in wet and dirty gas applications, having no small ports prone to fouling. The basic insertion style air/gas meter features a thermal fl ow sensing element that measures fl ow from 0.25 up to 1000 SFPS (0.07 NMPS to 305 NMPS) with accuracy of ±0.75 percent of reading, ±0.5 percent of full scale. The basic in-line style meter is available for 2-inch and smaller line sizes.


The ST100 Series meter’s transmitter is unsurpassed in meeting both a plant’s current and future need for outputs, process information and communications. Whether the output required is traditional 4-20 mA analogue, frequency/pulse or advanced digital bus communications such as HART, Modbus, PROFIBUS, or FOUNDATION Fieldbus, the ST100 Series will meet your instrumentation integration needs. Its advanced bus communications are all third party certifi ed and registered.


Developed with a graphical, multivariable backlit LCD display, the ST100 Series Meter brings new meaning to the term “process information”. Its sophisticated readout continuously displays all process measurements and instrument status for easy on-site viewing by technicians, and it has the ability to query for service diagnostics via an integral, optical HMI that does not require declassifi cation of hazardous areas.


Designed for extreme industrial process and plant conditions, the ST100 Meter can be used in service up to 850ºF (454ºC) and is available with both integral and remote (up to 1000 feet [300 meters]) electronics versions. The ST100 meter is agency approved for hazardous environments, including the entire instrument, the transmitter and the rugged, NEMA 4X/IP67 rated enclosure.


Global approvals include: ATEX, CPA, CRN, EAC/TRU CU, FM, FMc, FDT, GOST, IECEx, Inmetro and NEPSI. Third party failure rate data per IEC 61508 is available that demonstrates suitability of the hardware architecture for SIL 1 (HFT=0) applications.


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