10 Water / Wastewater
Aluminium monitoring for wastewater treatment Aluminium salts, such as aluminium sulphate
and polyaluminium chloride (PAC), are used as coagulation agent and fl occulant for treatment of overloaded wastewater. For effi cient wastewater treatment, the knowledge of the exact amount of aluminium, expressed as aluminium oxide (Al2O3) in the fl occulant, is essential. This can be achieved rapidly and reliably by thermometric titration of the aluminium with sodium fl uoride according to the newly revised standard ABNT NBR 11176. To
learn more about this analysis, download the Application Note AN-T-224 from Metrohm.
Aluminium has a toxic effect on fi sh in acidic water and must therefore be removed before the release of the treated water into the environment. The European Union stipulates the monitoring of aluminium as an indicator parameter with a maximum content of 200 µg/L. Adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) allows the measurement of concentrations as low as 5 µg/L. Compared to atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) or Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), voltammetry is a viable alternative with only moderate investment in hardware required and low running costs. Download the Application Bulletin AB-131 from Metrohm to learn more.
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P S Analytical – Experience, Performance, Reliability and Support
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Mercury, Arsenic, Selenium in Environmental and Food samples - Choose your Poison!
P S Analytical (PSA) provides niche analytical instruments for the determination of mercury, arsenic, selenium, antimony and bismuth in many sample matrices including environmental and food & beverage samples.
The presence of these toxic metals in their various forms is of real concern. Increasingly the determination of both total and speciated chemical forms is required and this requirement generates further analytical challenges of sensitivity, selectivity and freedom for interferences.
In addition to analytical considerations, operation issues such as; ease of use, reliability and robustness as well as very affordable running costs are all important aspects and are recognised hallmarks or the PSA brand.
Coupling Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (AFS) with either cold vapour generation or hydride generation has been PSA’s core competency for over 35 years. With the addition of analyte separation capability which allows for speciation studies, PSA offers some powerful tools to help with these endeavours.
For example; the separation of methyl mercury from inorganic mercury in water, shellfi sh, seaweed, dairy products, vegetables and grains; the determination inorganic arsenic from less toxic organo arsenic species in water, rice, seaweed are examples of routine applications developed for this growing area of concern.
The team is constantly developing new methods and applications to address market concerns and so if you have a sample you are interested to know more about with, we’d love to hear from you.
With literally thousands of systems in the fi eld today, and support networks in Europe, USA and SE Asia, PSA offers the ideal package of performance, reliability and support.
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Reliable, long-term autonomous remote transmission of water and environmental measurement data
NivuLink Micro II, from NIVUS, provides measurement data from sensors or other data sources via mobile communication. The device is designed from the ground up for outdoor use. The robust enclosure with protection class IP 68 as well as an approval for EX zone 1 e.g. allow for use directly in the sewer. A HART interface enables easy connection of sensor systems from other manufacturers. For long independent use in the fi eld, the unit has a long battery life of 7 years with an hourly measurement cycle and daily data transmission.
The manufacturer’s consistent IoT concept enables the operator to automatically transmit data with visualisation and logging options in connection with the NIVUS WebPortal. NivuLink Micro II is already an integrated component of the manufacturer’s communication concept with secure data transmission according to current IT standards upon delivery. Plug & Play reduces the effort required for commissioning. The gateway can be integrated into an existing customer system consisting of software and hardware as well. The built-in electronics enable worldwide mobile network coverage.
Up to 4 universal inputs collect the analogue and digital data and supply connected sensors with power for the measurement processes. The operator can defi ne the measurement and transmission cycles himself. Operators also defi nes the alarms and threshold values individually. A selectable event mode allows for shorter cycle times, e.g. when a certain level is exceeded. NivuLink Micro II also enables to calculate the fl ow rate on the basis of level data by means of adjustable Q-h relations.
The intuitive operating concept allows operators a quick and easy commissioning of the system. Changing parameters via mobile communications saves time and travel costs during operation.
As an alternative to battery operation, the gateway can be connected to an external power supply, e.g. when operated in a control cabinet.
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Fully automated on-line analyser for monitoring coliforms and Escherichia coli in water and wastewater A new instrument, the Easychem®
SpA, which was designed for fully automated Total Coliform (TC), Escherichia coli (EC) and Faecal Coliform (FC) measurements based on specifi c enzyme activity, was recently launched at the IFAT trade fair in Munich. The instrument is a robotic water analyser with integrated colorimeters and fl uorometers on thermostatic incubating positions that can concurrently detect both TC and EC or FC in water and wastewater. The Easychem provides timely results during 18 hour-monitoring sessions using IDEXX’s Colilert®
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method, a worldwide USEPA-approved recognised
standard (ISO 9308-2:2012). Easychem®
coli on-line has two main confi gurations for rapid detection of faecal contamination in water. In drinking water testing, the on-line analyser can be confi gured for presence / absence determination of TC and EC, or FC. This model comprises 56 positions for Colilert®
coli on-line from Systea
vessels and growth media with 4 available incubating
positions to perform up to 4 simultaneous automated analysis. The kinetic monitoring of colour and fl uorescence variation enables the Easychem to provide early warning signals in cases of coliform detection and to estimate the contamination level.
For the on-line monitoring of wastewater, urban and industrial effl uents, and ambient waters, including surface and source water, Easychem®
coli on-line contains 28 Colilert® bottles and
is also equipped with an 80-position cuvette reaction plate for multiple tube fermentation analysis. Quantitative determination of the population of viable organisms is achieved via the Most Probable Number (MPN), whereas the time-to-detect functionality allows the analyser to trigger early alert signals by estimating the actual contamination using the time requested to overcome the set threshold. Given the countless potential environmental scenarios, the instrument was designed with fl exibility in mind, to make it easy to adjust to different applications. Typical ranges vary from 0 – 512 MPN / 100 mL for low contaminated waters to 72 – 14848 MPN / 100 mL for wastewater effl uents. The analytical frequency is normally agreed upon with the user and reaches up to 10 analysis per day. A log comparison between norm-referenced manual test Quantitray® Easychem®
2000 and the automated analysis executed with coli demonstrated a statistically signifi cant correlation (R2 = 0.94). IET ANNUAL BUYERS’ GUIDE 2022/23
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