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Analytical Instrumentation Laboratory Viscometer Reaches Higher Temperatures
Viscosity specialist Hydramotion Ltd (UK) is pleased to announce an important extension to its ReactaVisc RV3 range of laboratory benchtop viscometers. Ideal for monitoring oil viscosity in the lab, the new ReactaVisc RV3-HT1 can be used at temperatures up to 250°C without requiring any special cooling. Efficient design ensures that sensitive components in the head enclosure are protected from overheating, even though the sensor probe itself is at full fluid temperature. The advantage is that there is no risk of measurement errors resulting from the viscosity changes that would be caused by localised cooling of the fluid around the sensor.
Although robust, the ReactaVisc is light enough to be fitted to a standard reaction vessel without requiring additional support. The compact enclosure takes up minimal space at the top of the vessel, leaving plenty of room for ancillary equipment, e.g. for stirring or temperature measurement. The sensor is a solid probe with no moving parts, bearings or seals that could wear out or fail in service, so routine maintenance is not required.
Viscosity is measured every two seconds and displayed on the separate VP550 signal processor unit included in the system. Output includes a 4 - 20 mA analogue viscosity signal and an RS485 serial data link. The optional ViscoLink software package enables measurement data to be logged and transferred to a PC for analysis.
The ReactaVisc is supplied with a fitting consisting of a compression nut plus an adaptor made to suit the desired installation. The shaft is passed through the adaptor and the compression nut is hand-tightened at the required position, forming an effective seal. The immersion depth is adjusted simply by loosening the fitting, moving as required, and retightening. The whole operation can be completed in seconds. This versatile feature enables the immersion depth of the sensor can be adjusted at will, making it easy to use the viscometer in differing volumes of fluid or in vessels of varying capacity. No recalibration is needed when the viscometer is transferred from one vessel to another, since calibration is unaffected by the volume of fluid or the dimensions of the container. Shipped ready for immediate use, the ReactaVisc can be in place and working within minutes of being unpacked.
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Reader Reply Card No Analysis of Petroleum Samples by DRC-ICP-MS
Petroleum Testing Equipment Penetration
Lubricating Oils Lubricating Greases Viscosity Tribology
Flash Point Biodiesel
Complete Line of Biodiesel Testing Instrumentation
The analysis of petroleum products (i.e. gasoline, oil, and diesel) presents a challenge for ICP-MS. Owing to the nature of these samples and their associated highly organic solvents, a number of analytical challenges are encountered. First, the high degree of volatility of the samples increases the vapour loading and causes destabilisation of the plasma. This is observed in the form of decreased precision as well as the intermittent shutdown of the plasma. Second, these samples are rich in carbon, which is poorly ionised in the plasma due to its high first ionisation potential (11.26 eV). As a result, non-ionized carbon deposits in its elemental form and clogs the interface cones. Also, the addition of oxygen to the plasma (to burn the excess carbon) can have the adverse effect of destabilising the plasma by continuously changing its overall impedance.
Finally, the high levels of carbon lead to a number of carbon-based polyatomic interferences on several analytes of interest. Fortunately, these challenges can be overcome. The ELAN®
ICP-MS family of instruments from PerkinElmer
(USA) features a 40 MHz free-running RF generator. This generator utilises electronic tuning to compensate for the small shift of RF frequency brought about by the impedance change in the plasma. Unlike 27 MHz fixed frequency generators, this compensation is virtually instantaneous because there are no moving parts. As a result, the ELAN offers a very robust plasma capable of remaining lit even when highly volatile samples are aspirated.
Tel: +1 631 589 3800Fax: +1 631 589 3815 Email:
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www.koehlerinstrument.com
Reader Reply Card No 69
The use of a Peltier-cooled spray chamber reduces the amount of matrix vapors reaching the plasma. This means that the sample introduction system delivers a higher analyte/matrix ratio to the plasma. Finally, the use of a Dynamic Reaction Cell™ (DRC™) offers a superior way to eliminate carbon-based polyatomic interferences without sacrificing analyte sensitivity. This is accomplished by introducing a highly reactive gas that reacts preferentially with the polyatomic ions but not with the ions of interest. This work demonstrates the ability of the ELAN DRC II to analyse petroleum samples which have been diluted with kerosene.
Reader Reply Card No 70
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The Determination of Mercury in Waste Oil Using the Hydra- C Mercury Analyser
It is important to determine the concent- ration of mercury in waste oil prior to disposal. In the US, any waste oil contain- ing more than 0.2 mg/L mercury is characterised as hazardous waste and cannot be burned for energy recovery.
Teledyne Leeman Lab’s (USA) Hydra- C Direct Mercury Analyser provides fast, simple and convenient analyses for these materials without sample pretreatment or production of hazardous chemical waste. The entire analysis takes only 5 - 10 minutes and virtually eliminates the need for the often cumbersome chemical digestion step required by other approaches
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Annual Buyers’ Guide 2010
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