Measurement and Testing


High accuracy calibration with the MICRO300 Precision Regulator meet a surface while in the liquid phase.


When producing a specialty gas mixture, much of the time taken to manufacture it goes into cylinder preparation to ensure that the mixture is stable. This is an important component in a quality gas mixture. If what comes out of the cylinder is not what is described on the label it will result in a poor calibration and inaccurate results. Much time, testing, and research is invested in the development of techniques related to the interaction with cylinders and valves, solely to ensure the stability of mixtures. In general, it includes heating; scrubbing; evacuation/purging cycles; soaking; and coating. Cylinders are then kept sealed and under vacuum to prevent contamination until the time of fi lling.


If such time and effort is spent preparing a cylinder to handle a specifi c gas mixture, it prompts the question: Why isn’t the regulator and gas delivery system treated with the same importance?


Most will be familiar with material compatibility. That is, choosing between brass, plated brass, stainless steel, or special alloy, to ensure there will be no undesirable effects to the regulator or delivery system. Material selection is important both for reasons of safety and for accuracy in calibration. Of course, we must choose the correct wetted materials but there are other important factors to consider.


Surfaces which have not been properly prepared will react with a gas mixture, changing the composition. Imaging, by electron microscopy, of the surfaces of commonly used materials like brass or stainless steel, illustrate how these surfaces are very uneven and have many crevices in which molecules can be lodged. These molecules can be exceedingly diffi cult to dislodge, which is a major factor contributing to the complexity of cylinder preparation.


Moisture is of particular concern as it is very prone to adhering to surfaces. It will react with nearly all commonly used reactive compounds including hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, and chlorine. Normal ambient air can contain up to 4% moisture content. If a regulator or delivery system has been exposed to ambient air, it is certain that there would be moisture contamination on all exposed surfaces.


Similarly, if your calibration mixture contains moisture it will adhere to any unprepared surfaces it meets. A similar result is known to occur with C6+ hydrocarbon compounds when they


Contamination of, reaction with, and surface adhesion of compounds in your gas mixture can be minimised by: Reducing surface area.


Reactions with wetted materials will always occur on a surface. Therefore, a reduction in surface area is also a reduction in potential adverse effects. This can be accomplished by:


• Reducing the internal volume of the regulator and cylinder connector


• Reducing the internal diameter of tubing from the regulator to instrument


• Reducing the length of tubing as much as is practical.


Preparing the wetted surfaces. Reactions on wetted surfaces can be reduced by:


• Effective purging. Any gas introduced into the regulator and supply system before the surfaces are prepared to handle it can be considered wasted gas. This gas must be purged out to ensure an unaffected sample with which to perform a calibration. Sometimes it is best practice to use a dry gas purge (nitrogen, typically) to reduce the amount of calibration gas wastage, especially when preparing a particularly contaminated delivery system.


• Special coatings. Special coatings can be applied to all wetted surfaces to prevent adhesion or direct contact with the underlying layer.


Reducing volume.


Some gas mixtures are very high value so reducing the amount that is ‘wasted’ through purging saves money, especially over time. Even when using a dry gas purge, this gas still needs to be purged with the calibration gas. A reduction in delivery system volume is a reduction in cost.


CAC Gas, in partnership with Pressure-Tech UK Ltd, developed a specially designed regulator to address each of these areas. This regulator is designed with high-accuracy calibration in mind.


The MICRO300 Precision Regulator includes:


• An AISI 316/316L stainless steel body, bonnet, piston, and main pin, compatible with nearly all calibration gases.


• The low internal volume of the regulator (less than 3cc) reduces surface area and volume while still safely controlling up to 300BAR inlet pressures.


CAC GAS delivers unmatched customer service, stocking, and product solutions.


Massive stock holdings in Sydney & Singapore. Largest non-refillable cylinder supplier in Australia.


Next day dispatch of in stock items. Private customer branding.


Same day response customer service. CAC@CACGAS.COM.AU WWW.CACGAS.COM.AU


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• A special range of low-volume cylinder connectors with reduced length and a 0.5mm bore, reducing volume by a factor of 100, and surface area by a factor of 10 when compared to standard cylinder valve connectors.


• A range of special coatings from SilcoTek® Coatings


To accompany this regulator, a range of 1/8” and 1/16” stainless steel tubing and associated fi ttings are offered, also available with special coatings.


CAC GAS offers a full line of high precision gas control equipment along with our MICRO300 Precision Regulator. All items are kept in stock for fast shipment.


More information online: ilmt.co/PL/Wl0b 61620pr@reply-direct.com


For More Info, email: email:


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environmental gas analysis, process gas


GHGSat to add new optical gas sensors to greenhouse gas monitoring satellites


ABB has secured a third contract with GHGSat, a global leader in high-resolution greenhouse gas monitoring from space, to manufacture optical sensors for their C12, C13, C14 and C15 satellites set to launch into orbit in 2024. The new satellites will join GHGSat’s expanding constellation which detects and quantifi es industrial gas leaks from space. ABB has built the payloads, the instruments carried on board the satellites, for ten of GHGSat’s emissions monitoring satellites launched into space.


Earlier this year, GHGSat reported that their existing satellites have doubled their methane emission measurement capabilities thanks to the exceptional performance of the sensors. This has allowed GHGSat to accelerate the scaling of its monitoring services, aiding industries such as oil and gas, power generation, mining, and more in understanding and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. “The new contract is a testament to GHGSat’s confi dence in ABB’s manufacturing capabilities to build complex, high-performing optical payloads for hyperspectral earth observation,” said Marc Corriveau, Head of Global Operations, Business Line Analytical, ABB Measurement & Analytics. “This year, we doubled our manufacturing infrastructure dedicated to space projects, so that we can better serve the booming private space sector. We strive to contribute to the success of our current customers as we expand to other Earth observation mandates.”


ABB has been a leader in gas sensing from orbit for over two decades, starting with the development of the Canadian Space Agency SCISAT mission payload, which profi les the concentration of more than 70 different gas types down to parts per trillion from cloud top to outer space. ABB also provided hyperspectral technologies to the Japanese GOSAT program, which pioneered the global mapping at a regional scale of sources and sinks of greenhouse gases from orbit starting with a fi rst satellite in 2009 and an improved version in 2018.


Today, ABB builds on this legacy by manufacturing enhanced versions of GHGSat’s proprietary wide-angle Fabry-Perot (WAF-P) interferometer, which tracks the same infrared fi ngerprint of greenhouse gases. In this way, ABB applies its vast expertise acquired in earlier high-profi le government space missions to the private sector space with a focus on actionable low latency satellite data for civil uses. Space is the only location that allows greenhouse gas emissions to be monitored freely across jurisdictions, enabling unbiased reporting.


More information online: ilmt.co/PL/YLVE For More Info, email:


email: WWW.PETRO-ONLINE.COM


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