12 Analytical Instrumentation
Laboratory Fluorinated By-products Analyser
The Hydrofluoric (HF) Alkylation process catalytically combines C3 – C5 olefins with isobutene to produce motor fuel alkylate. There is an increasing demand for alkylate because of its properties as a low-sulphur, highoctane blending component for unleaded and reformulated gasoline. The products of the process contain traces of HF and organofluoride by-product compounds. Elevated levels of residual fluorinated byproducts in process streams can cause serious problems in refinery operations including corrosion, catalyst poisoning, downtime, and lost production. Fluorinated by-products are removed by catalytic decomposition at 177 – 220°C to HF and olefins. The HF released during this decomposition step is removed by adsorption on a bed of alumina forming aluminium fluoride. This step reduces total fluoride levels from approximately 100 – 400 ppm down to low ppm levels in the motor fuel alkylate.
OI Analytical’s (USA) FBA 5320 is a laboratory fluorinated by- products analyser (FBA) designed to detect and measure total fluorinated contaminants (HF and organofluoride compounds) in liquid propane, liquid butane, and motor fuel alkylate from the HF alkylation process. The analyser is based on an Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph equipped with an automated liquid sampling valve for sample introduction, a packed-inlet injection port, a stainless steel column, and a 5320 Electrolytic Conductivity Detector (ELCD) configured for fluoride detection. The FBA 5320 accurately detects total fluoride concentrations in the low parts-per-million (ppm) range. The FBA 5320 is typically calibrated with a calibration gas mixture (e.g. 3- fluoropropane in n-Butane) or using a sample from a C4 process stream analysed by the Wickbold Method (ASTM D 7284). The measurement range of the FBA 5320 is 0.02 to 100ppm-F.
Reader Reply Card No 33
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New High Resolution Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometer
Analytik Jena (Germany) launches its new atomic absorption spectrometer contrAA®
600. The device complements the contrAA®
product family and optimises the advantages of high resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS AAS) specifically for the graphite furnace technique.
"With the development of the contrAA® our contrAA®
600 we have rounded out portfolio with an important product. The graphite
furnace device closes the gap between the contrAA® and hydride technology and the contrAA®
300 for flame 700, which combines
flame, hydride and graphite furnace technique", said Torsten Olschewski, head of the business unit Analytical Instrumentation. "In environmental and food analysis, for example, or in clinical chemistry the graphite furnace technique in combination with HR-CS AAS is the right choice, especially for the ultra trace analysis."
By using a special Xenon short arc lamp as continuous radiation source in combination with a high resolution Echelle spectrometer, the wavelength relevant for the atomic absorption becomes immediately available. Thanks to the combination of the two components the analysis graph and the total spectral environment can be recorded simultaneously. Additional benefits: The simultaneous background correction and significantly reduced detection limits increase the accuracy of the measured results. Using HR-CS AAS it is now also possible to analyse molecular bands and thus detect additional elements that cannot be analysed using standard AAS technology.
In combination with the direct solid analysis technique from Analytik Jena solid samples can be processed in the graphite furnace method without extensive sample preparation. This advantage saves much time and cost for users during their daily work. When using HydrEA technology - to detect hydride-forming elements - contrAA 600 achieves the best detection limits whilst simultaneously minimising matrix effects.
Reader Reply Card No 32 Most Powerful Multimode Inlet for GC and GCMS
Shimadzu (Germany) introduces the new OPTIC-4 injector, the 4th generation of the highly successful OPTIC multimode injection system from Atas GL, Eindoven, Netherlands. This versatile tool increases application range and detection limits of the Shimadzu GC and GCMS series.
In addition to the standard sampling modes, the programmable OP-TIC-4 can be operated as Large Volume injector, Pyrolysis or Ther-mal Desorption injection system. DMI (Difficult Matrix Introduction) is also possible by injecting µ-vials filled with sample (solid or highly matrix-loaded) into the OPTIC-4 liner, allowing direct analysis of the compounds in the sample.
The patented low thermal mass design together with direct resistive heating provides a linear temperature range up to 600°C at rates as high as 60°C/sec, opening the possibility to apply the OPTIC-4 for a wide range of applications.
Combined with the AOC-5000 Plus auto sampler, fully automated sample injection can be utilised using an automatic liner exchanger (LINEX). The variety of different liners supports the wide range of applications using the OPTIC-4.
Using the OPTIC-4 injector as a cold injection system, compounds which usually degrade in hot injectors; for example thermal labile pesticides, can be analysed without any difficulty. Precise and reproducible results can therefore be obtained for low boiling point compounds.
The OPTIC-4 temperature range is +10°C above RT to 600°C (alternatively -180°C or -50°C to 600°C with the injector cooling
option using direct LN2 or CO2 cooling, respectively). The unique solvent monitor enables easy method development for Large Volume injections, which improves detection limits and can be used in all application areas with a need for high sensitivity.
Reader Reply Card No 34
New System Performs Analysis of TAN, TBN and Mercaptan Sulphur in Petroleum Products
The Titra-Max Titration System from GR Scientific (UK) has been designed specifically for the determination of TAN, TBN and Mercaptan Sulphur analysis of petroleum products, lubricants and transformer insulating oils. Conforming to ASTM D664, D2896, D4739 and D3227.
Features include a simple, easy to use keypad, function guide display and interchangeable burette assembly. Complete with vortex mixing for vigorous and homogeneous stirring of viscous samples.
The vortex mixer, which has a chemically inert glass stirrer paddle, is located next to the electrode so that the whole assembly can be swung away from the titration unit for easy rinsing and cleaning.
Reader Reply Card No 36 Reader Reply Card No 35 August / September 2011 •
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