Analytical Instrumentation 23
Fast Gasoline Characterisation
For many years the petrochemical industry has been in need of powerful and time-efficient separation capabilities to effectively analyse complex hydrocarbon mixtures of spark-ignition fuels like gasoline. Gas chromatographic-based techniques such as multi- dimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) have been shown to provide the necessary level of capacity to analyse complex hydrocarbon
mixtures including oxygenate containing gasoline. However, such methods may take in excess of two hours.
Bruker (USA) experts have developed a methodology whereby gasoline characterisation can be optimised through smart manipulation of the interaction between individual columns using MDGC as with the PIONA+ Analyser. Column optimisation through the use of the PIONA+ Analyser can result in a reduction in analysis time of up to 40% whilst maintaining a high degree of accuracy that is demanded by the industry in compliance with ASTM D 6839. The potential for the PIONA+ Analyser to provide significant cost-savings may not be immediately obvious to those unfamiliar with the petrochemical process. The PIONA+ design is suited to analysing the intermediate streams and final products. This makes it ideal for analysis during processing and just prior to transportation.
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CompassCDS – Te Scalable Software Solution
CompassCDS Software is an industry focused, operator friendly networked software solution that eliminates the costs associated with licensing of named users. With its unique capacity for customisation, CompassCDS provides operators with a powerful tool for a variety of analytical operations. Available as a standalone or fully networked client/server application, CompassCDS meets the broadest spectrum of customers’ requirements.
Designed to operate in 24/7 production environments with current Windows versions as well as with Virtualised and Citrix metaframe installations, CompassCDS controls all of the current Bruker (USA) GC’s, and custom analysers manufactured for specific industrial analytical applications. CompassCDS provides operators with customisable, single screen user interfaces that simplify day-to-day operation of GC’s in routine analytical labs. Multi-channel reporting, the ability to include complex custom calculations and summary statistical reporting are all standard features.
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Biofuels have become increasingly important as alternatives to conventional fuels. Bioethanol, mainly produced by sugar fermentation, is an example of a biofuel. Ethanol has a high octane number and was originally intended to replace lead as an octane enhancer. Nowadays, ethanol is blended with gasoline to improve combustion efficiency thereby reducing polluting emissions. The most common blend is 10% ethanol and 90% petrol (E10), though the latest vehicles can operate on up to 85% ethanol and 15% petrol blends (E85). ASTM D 5501 is the method commonly used to determine the ethanol content of denatured fuel ethanol by gas chromatography. Ethanol is determined from 93 to 97 mass%. Accurate determination of ethanol and methanol according ASTM D 5501 is achieved using a Bruker (USA) SCION 456-GC Gas Chromatograph with CompassCDS software. Data shows that accurate repeatability means that data never exceeds the levels specified in the standard.
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