56 February / March 2018
properties of the acidic cannabinoids as well [10]. As such, it is becoming increasingly important to be able to preserve the natural acidic cannabinoids throughout a processing cycle. Figure 8 shows total cannabinoid and acidic cannabinoid yields for the six extractions performed in this study, along with the percent acidic cannabinoids that were decarboxylated during the extraction cycle. It is clear that even under aggressive extraction conditions, the amount of acidic cannabinoids (primarily CBDA) decarboxlyated is quite small, ~4%.
The flexibility of CO2 extraction allowed
for the generation of three distinct hemp extract fractions from a single extraction. Since there is variability inherent in working with natural products, the ability to generate multiple distinct processing streams from a single extraction is a major benefit to high pressure SFE with fractionation; this allows processors to develop specific workflows for a particular consistent desired outcome. Detailed mass balance information combined with same day in- house testing quickly identified losses in production yield due presumably to vessel packing heterogeneity. Preliminary data presented here suggests that with all other parameters the same, cannabinoid percent
yield could be improved by as much as 10% by consistently packing the extraction vessel from run to run under the conditions used in this study. However, additional work needs to be done to fully understand these effects on the production process.
Acknowledgments:
Author would like to thank Christopher Hudalla, ProVerde Laboratories, for his collaboration in this study, and Andrew Aubin and Catharine Layton, Waters Corporation, for their thoughtful discussion.
References:
[1] Taylor, L., “Supercritical fluid extraction” Wiley Interscience Publication, New York, NY, PRINT (1996)
[2] Mukhopadhyay, M., “Natural extracts using supercritical carbon dioxide” CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton FL, PRINT (2000)
[3] E. Lemmon, M. Huber, M. McLinden, NIST Reference Thermodynamic and Transport Properties - REFPROP, Version 9.1, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U. S. Department of Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305, USA, (2011).
[4] Sarker, S. D, L. Nahar, “Natural products isolation methods and protocols 3rd ED., Springewr Science and Business Media, New York, NY, PRINT (2012)
[5] Thomas, B. F., M. A. ElSohly, “The analytical chemistry of cannabis” Elsevier Inc., PRINT (2016)
[6] Runco, J., “Beginner’s guide to preparative SFC” Waters Corporation, Milford MA, PRINT (2016)
[7] Linger, P., et al., “Industrial Hemp growing on heavy metal contaminated soil: fibre quality and phytomediation potential” Industrial Crops and Products, v.16-1, (2002), 33-42
[8] Karus et al., “Study on markets and prices for natural fibres” Nova Institute for Ecology and Innovation, Hurth, Germany, (2000)
[9] Citti, C., et al., “Analysis of cannabinoids in commercial hemp seed oil and decarboxylation kinetics studies of CBDA” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 149 (2018) 532-540.
[10] Bolognini, D., et al., “Cannabidiolic acid prevents vomiting in Suncus murinus and nausea-induced behavior in rats by enhancing 5-HT1A receptor activation” British Journal of Pharmacology, v 168-6, (2013), 1456-1470
Italian Chemical Society
Mass Spectrometry Division of
LIFE SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION AND METHODS ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MS FOOD AND BEVERAGE FUNDAMENTALS
SHORT COURSES
ORAL PRESENTATIONS POSTER PROGRAM WORKSHOPS EXHIBITION
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