BRAM ROHAAN
chambers, which included a sediment chamber, a chamber with matala matting, and oyster shells and brushes. A pump of 32,000 litres per hour provided the circulation and a 40-watt UV light took care of the small amount of algae. There is a continuous supply of tap water to this pond (1,000 litres a day). During the measurements around 300 nisai were in this pond and they were fed once a day with a floating pellet.
Concrete pond 7: Sanbusho A-house Marudo’s complex in the region of Sanbusho exists of five different houses. The so-called A-house contains five equal ponds which are connected by the chamber filter. The ponds have a dimension of 4.80m by 2.85m by 1.3m, with a volume of 17,000 litres. The filter is 14.25m by 1m by 1.30m, with a volume of 18,000 litres. The total volume of the complete system is 107,000 litres. The filtration consists of a sediment chamber and chambers which are filled with matala matting. This is circulated by three pumps of 32,000 litres per hour each. Around 5,000 litres of ground water was supplied to this system per day.
There were around 17,500 three-month old tateshita in the A-house, and these were fed once a day with a floating pellet. As a side note, Dainichi and Hoshikin also have koi houses in Sanbusho.
Concrete pond 8: Sanbusho B-house The B-house has seven equal ponds which form two different systems of three and four ponds. The one with four ponds is used for water sampling. The size of the ponds is the same as in the A-house.
The filtration consists of four chambers, two sediment chambers and two filled with matala matting. During the test period, around 300 nisai were swimming in each pond, which gives a total of 1,200 koi. There is also a continuous supply of groundwater, which equates to around 1,000 litres a day per pond.
the results
Table 2 shows the research results of this experiment. The numbers are averages of all the analysed data per pond.
Mud ponds
The mud ponds are ponds one to four. At the time of doing the research the temperature of these ponds was between 25.6 and 29.0°C, which is optimal for the growth of koi. The TDS was between 0.02 and 0.076ppt which is growth enhancing.
The pH measured between 7.3 and 9.6. The mud pond in the Horinouchi area had an average pH of 9.6. During the measurements a difference of 1.2 points in pH was measured, which was probably due to the continuous changing of the mountain water supply (pH6,1 and KH 2,0 °dH), which happened every three or four days.
The alkalinity dropped due to
photosynthesis, which is caused by algae in the mud ponds. The total amount of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate from all mud ponds was close to 0.0, which of course is ideal.
Koi houses
Ponds five to eight are Marudo’s concrete ponds from koi houses. The average temperature was between 22.6 and 25.6°C, which is a lot higher than the temperature of the supply water. The houses are not heated during summer; the warmth is the result of radiation of the sun.
Table 2: The water composition of different ponds from Marudo Koi Farm (August 29 2008 to October 2 2008).
Pond
1 Shiditar 2 Okaado
3 Myokeyama 4 Horinouchi 5 Nigoro Gars 6 Muikaichi
Temp TDS pH NH3 NO2 NO3 (°C)
(ppt)
25,6 26.0 26.3 29.0 24.0 25.6
7 Sanbusho A-house 23.9 8 Sanbusho B-house 22.6
KH GH
0.03 8.2 0.00 0.0 0 2.7 0.02 7.3 0.00 0.0 0 2.0 0.06 8.4 0.00 0.0 3 2.3 0.08 9.6 0.00 0.0 0 3.5 0.16 7.2 0.01 0.2 19 3.0 0.10 8.5 0.00 0.0 8 3.0 0.11 7.6 0.01 0.3 24 2.0 0.12 7.0 0.01 0.2 16 2.0
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (°dH) (°dH) 2.0 2.0 2.7 3.5 4.0 4.3 4.4 5.0
The continuous flow of tap water slowly dilutes the nitrate
AUGUST 2010 27
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