PAULA REYNOLDS


horseshoe shaped nucleaus, while Trichodina resembles a flying saucer when fully mobile and a Mexican hat when it is at rest.


observations It is important to appreciate that there are


Two glass slides can be easier to handle than a cover slip


chemical exposure. Taking a smear can be carried out in a few seconds without any need to use a sedative, as long as the handler is gentle.


preparing the slide and


viewing with the microscope Place the mucus on a glass slide with a tiny drop of water, unless it is fairly wet already, and then put another glass slide or a cover slip over the mucus. Place the slide on the mechanical sub-stage of the microscope, secure in place and switch on the light. At a low magnification nothing will be


millions or aquatic organisms that can take up residence in any pond. Very few pose any risk to koi although they may well be parasitic to other life forms. Patience is key here as the microscope will take a little time to master. Most organisms have a complex lifestyle.


As the lower stages of koi parasites are rarely photographed, the viewer has to look for the mature better known stages when unable to identify the lower stages that may be observed microscopically. It is only with experience that the benefits


become obvious and the cost of the purchase equals the savings on pond treatments. You will find the fish really thrive from being well cared for.


Largest selection of Koi Products


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Binocular microscope with mechanical sub-stage and light


clear and it will take time to set up the instrument. Disregard black stationary objects as air and debris will be trapped in the mucus. Remember water will flow in one direction and can confuse the viewer that this is a parasitic army on the march. Look for movement in the mucus that is spinning or multidirectional and bear in mind that the heat of the light under the slide can kill off some parasites quickly. By using the controls to move the slide


the viewer can see the edges of the mucus. This a good place to see costia for example. With higher magnification, the internal apparatus of each parasite allows for comparison. Gill Fluke for example have black eye dots at the rear of the body and are found only in or around the gill, whereas the next generation of Skin Fluke can be seen inside the body cavity to aid identification. White Spot rotates to the right and has a


Common koi invaders


The most common koi ecto- parasites (ecto means external) that are visible without a microscope: Argulus, or Fish Louse Piscola Geometra – a type of fish leech Lernea, or Anchor Worm


The most common koi ecto-parasites that require a microscope include: Chilodonella Costia Dactylogyrus, or Gill fluke Gyrodactylus, or Skin fluke – not a true fish parasite Trichodina – not a true fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, or White spot


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