DATA CENTRE COOLING
Data centre operators are also starting to scrutinise the pay back on their investments and this is where hybrid approaches can offer added benefits. Payback depends on the size of the system and location, but the return on investment can be very quick at around three to four years for a medium sized data centre (circa 500kW). The larger hybrid systems offer the quickest payback periods.
The Hidden cost of refrigerant
The initial CAPEX cost for a hybrid cooling system is higher than a traditional computer room air conditioning (CRAC) unit. However, there are other factors that need to be considered, when calculating the total cost of ownership and OPEX. As part of the EU Energy Strategy, there is a need to reduce fluorinated greenhouse gas (F-gas) by -60% by 2030. The latest regulation, which came into force in 2015, means that refrigerant availability and cost are being heavily affected with a revised target
due in 2020 and yet further rises in refrigerant costs expected. As refrigerant is now an expensive ingredient, this can have a significant impact on the total cost of ownership.
For example, in August 2017 the average purchase price of R407c and R410a refrigerants was £14.78 and £29.78 respectively per kilo. By the end of July 2018, the average purchase price of R407c and R410a both increased to £50.66 and £58.59 respectively per kilo, and further increases followed shortly after. If we look at a 50m (equivalent length) and a total heat rejection capacity of 80kW, the cost of refrigerant equates to a cost of just over £3,600 per system, rising from £1,800 – representing an increase of 98% in just one year.
In the future, there will be an intensification of certification and record keeping for operating companies. Records will need to be kept for a minimum of five years and must include types of F-Gas used, quantity and how it is recycled when
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removed. It is therefore important to think about using sustainable solutions and to reduce the use of refrigerants where possible. Hybrid solutions require less quantities of refrigerant and, against a back- drop of rocketing refrigerant prices, this will be a significant advantage.
Going forward data centre operators will be held responsible for preventing refrigerant leaks from their equipment, along with contractors that install, maintain or dispose of equipment. However, for equipment that contains F-gas above certain thresholds, there will also be a requirement to check for leaks at specific intervals.
Ultimately, a large, single chiller using 200kg of refrigerant poses a greater risk of leaks, than a hybrid system, comprising multiple small units – each using 18kg of refrigerant. By adopting hybrid technology, data centre managers are finding that they can save costs, maintain their green credentials and high level of resilience.
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