Inadequate Methylation - The process of methylation is like
a switch that turns on and off many of the biochemical processes in the body. Inadequate methylation can cause biochemical pro- cesses in the body to work less efficiently and inappropriately. For example, a tumor suppressor gene that is not methylated appropriately may be turned off, and therefore not able to do its jobs of stopping or suppressing tumor formation.
Shortening of Telomeres - Telomeres are strands of DNA on
the ends of chromosomes that act like a biological clock. The shorter they are, the faster you age. Healthy lifestyles and some supplements aid in keeping them longer, and thus play an impor- tant role slowing down the aging process.
Accumulation of Cellular Trash - Beta-amyloid, cholesterol
plaque, lipofusin, are examples of cellular trash in the body. Cel- lular trash tends to accumulate the older the cell gets. If the cell cannot clear out the biochemical waste then it significantly loses efficiency and slowly dies. This is analogous to what happens in a city where the sanitation workers no longer come to pick up the trash. The city will stop functioning properly and will eventu- ally die from the toxic accumulation.
Mutations - In genetics, a mutation is a structural change in
the DNA—either in the mitochrondrial or nuclear DNA. A muta- tion can have a variety of causes—either endogenous (e.g. aging itself) or exogenous (e.g. radiation or chemical exposure).
Stem Cells Become Less Efficient (Immunosenescence) - Stem
cells supply your body with a fresh batch of cells during your life. They are the parent cells for you neurons, blood cells, skin cells, etc. As you get older they work less efficiently and tend to produce cells that do not work so well. When stem cells become less ef- ficient they cannot replenish older cells optimally, and one thus becomes more prone to infections, cancer, and other chronic diseases.
Just to be clear here, I can probably make an anti-aging argu-
ment for most supplements, and even some pharmaceuticals like aspirin and metformin. If you do an Internet search on anti-aging supplements you will quickly realize all supplements can be considered anti-aging to some extent. However, I am focusing here on what supplements (the ones with the most evidence) have actually been shown to increase longevity, slow down the aging process, and/or optimize the mechanisms of aging. So before we get into this, let’s also highlight the major causes of accelerated biological aging. The most important thing for us
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to know in order to slow down the aging process is to know what actually speeds it up. The following signs, symptoms, and lifestyle habits have strong evidence that they will age you quickly.
- Smoking - Over consumption of calories - Chronically high blood sugar - Chronically high blood pressure - Low phytonutrient diets (Low vegetable and fruit intake) - Excessive alcohol consumption - Drug abuse (both pharmaceutical and illicit) - Lack of Sleep - Lack of Exercise - Being obese
- Chronically high stress - Prolonged exposure to environmental pollutants
Anti-aging Supplements
Here are some favorite anti-aging supplements to date. This will of course change as more research becomes available.
1) NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) - NAD is a cofac- tor to enzymes found in all living cells. NAD has emerged as a key regulator of metabolism, stress resistance and longevity. It exists in two forms: an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH, respectively. Research shows that NAD+ tends to activate all seven sirtuins (SIRT1-7) in the body, unlike another anti-aging supplement, resveratrol, which tends to only activate SIRT1. Sirtuins are a class of proteins that regulate impor- tant biological pathways in the body, and have a significant impact on how fast we age. To increase NAD+ in the body you can supplement with its precursor, nicotinamide riboside or NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) which is just a form of niacin or Vitamin B3. As we age, NAD+ levels decline. This decline is associated
with increasing DNA damage. One study in mice found that supplementing with NAD+ allows DNA to repair itself more ef- ficiently as is seem in younger individuals. Adequate intracel- lular NAD+ concentrations appear to be an important longevity assurance factor, while lower cellular NAD+ concentrations ap- pear to negatively influence the life span. NAD+ also enhances stem cell and mitochondrial function.
2) Curcumin - Curcumin is a unique chemical constituent of the herb turmeric. It is only found in the turmeric. It has been shown to be effective against all inflammatory diseases. As far as nutra-
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