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aluminum scrap was transitioned from a recycling process to a reuse operation by forming aluminum chips into “pucks” and putting them back into the melt furnace on-site. Te reuse process saved handling and transportation costs (i.e., 125 truck shipments) associated with recycling, leading to Mourand’s statement that “recycling is good, reusing is great.” For more about Briggs & Stratton’s sustainability efforts, go to www.basco.com/sustainability.


Sustainability Good for Hiring Caterpillar Inc. (Peoria, IL) focuses about 47% of its efforts


on facilities-related improvements and 53% on manufacturing efficiency. According to Karen Huber, division manager, man- ufacturing technology research and development, long-term goals are meeting Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) or comparable green building criteria, holding water consumption flat, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 25% and increasing energy efficiency by 25%. Caterpillar is finding new ways to reduce, reuse, recycle


and reclaim materials that once would have gone into a land- fill. For example, last year, remanufacturing at Caterpillar took back more than 2.2 million end-of-life units and remanufac- tured over 161 million lbs (73,030 t) of material. Advanced data capture and simulation help in understand-


ing facilities and modeling manufacturing value streams to reduce energy, fuel, power, waste, cost and time. Te bottom line, Huber says, is that goals are accomplished by employ- ees, research and customers working together. Sustainable manufacturing is also a competitive advantage from Caterpil- lar’s perspective. Public interest and customer feedback on sustainability drives a positive corporate image, which in turn is a good recruiting tool. “People want to work for a company that is working on recycling.” Caterpillar’s sustainability report is available at: www.caterpillar.com/sustainability.


Focus on Standards Autodesk’s Sarah Krasley, manufacturing program


manager, sustainability solutions, urged the manufacturing community to give input on the standardization compliance process, for example to NIST. Autodesk (San Rafael, CA) is involved with several organizations and councils for standards efforts and joint technology development. For green design, an example is the Eco Materials Ad-


viser, which is included with Autodesk Inventor soſtware and accesses a materials database cloud—hosted by Granta Design Ltd. (Cambridge, UK). Te Eco Materials Adviser helps designers and engineers run simulated trials of different materials to identify cost savings, energy use, waste reduction, recyclability, regulatory requirements and so on. Reports help engineers communicate the benefits of sustainable design decisions.


The NAMRC Founders Lecture by Delcie R. Durham of the University of South Florida, traced the 30- year evolution of sustainable manufacturing.


Go to usa.autodesk.com/sustainable-design for reports,


industry solutions and more information. A roundtable discussion following the individual pre-


sentations encouraged standards development and reliable measurement methods, metrics and guidance to evaluate manufacturing process-related sustainability performance.


Founders Lecture Reviews Sustainability Milestones Te 2013 NAMRC Founders Lecture, given by Delcie R.


Durham, PhD, FSME, PE, of the University of South Florida (Tampa), also addressed sustainable, scalable manufacturing and its evolution over the past 30 years. Durham echoed the presentations by authors and panelists in stating the need for definitions, methods and tools, metrics and standards, indus- trial implementation and “K-gray” education. For the definition, she likened the pillars of sustainabil-


ity—economy, nature and society—to a three-legged stool, with manufacturing sitting on top. Industrial environmental performance metrics have improved from being nonexistent before 1970, reactive from the 1970s to the 1990s, anticipa- tory in the 1990s and, finally, integrated with design since 2000. Likewise, during Durham’s time at the National Science Foundation in the 1990s, there were few grant applicants for environmental research because no one thought manufactur- ing could be environmentally benign.


Energy Manufacturing 2014 79


Photo courtesy Ellen Kehoe


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