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weight over the 12 weeks, and the con- trol group participants maintained their weight. Unfortunately though, when mea-


sured 14 weeks post-challenge, the challenge participants had gained back almost all of the weight. And al- though it appeared that they had in- creased their physical activity, the changes were not significant either during the challenge or afterward. However, regarding their motivation toward exercise, the challenge group and the control group both decreased their extrinsic motivation (exercis- ing for reward or to avoid punishment) and increased their intrinsic motives (exercising because they wanted to), though only the challenge group sus- tained these motivational changes 14 weeks later.


Our conclusion We were disappointed to see that


although the challenge participants increased their motivation toward exercise this did not result in them performing more exercise. But keep in mind that they were already rela- tively active fitness club members


SELF DETERMINATION THEORY (Deci & Ryan, 2002) CONTINUUM


Type of Motivation


Type of Regulation


External Regulation


I exercise to obtain a reward or avoid punishment.


EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION


Introjected Regulation


I exercise to avoid guilt or shame.


Identified Regulation


I understand why exercise is important.


Integrated Regulation


Exercise aligns with my other values


INTRINSIC MOTIVATION


Intrinsic Regulation


I truly love to exercise and would do it even if it weren’t good for me.


performing on average more than 180 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week. Their in- ability to sustain the weight lost after the challenge is consistent with almost all of the intervention research out there; unfortunately, being fitness cen- tre members did not result in immuni- ty to this. But, encouragingly, we were pleasantly surprised to see an increase in motivation.


Does more motivation = more exercise? Again, we didn’t see an increase in


exercise with an increase in motiva- tion but this has certainly been seen in countless other studies measuring mo- tivation and exercise. Deci and Ryan posit that motivation follows a con- tinuum from extrinsic to intrinsic with three regulations between those two extremes (see chart). Previous research has consistently shown that the regu- lation that most commonly predicts whether new exercisers sustain their physical activity behaviours is identi- fied regulation (they don’t necessar- ily enjoy exercise but they identify and value the benefits of participating).


“We were disappointed to


see that although the challenge participants


increased their


motivation toward exercise this did


not result in them performing more exercise.”


34 Fitness Business Canada July/August 2014


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