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Working the muscles during physical activity increases the production of the glucose transporter type four (GLUT 4), which in turn boosts insulin sensitivity
glucose into cells to provide them with energy. Insulin resistance or reduced insulin sensitivity restricts the ability of muscles to take up and store glucose, resulting in higher levels of glucose circulating in the blood. In a healthy person, insulin is secreted in response to these rising levels. However, if this does not occur or has little effect, blood glucose levels rise, which leads to type 2 diabetes.
How the physical activity sector can help combat this It is, however, possible to re-sensitise muscles to the effects of insulin. Physical activity and exercise have been proven to increase insulin sensitivity, and this is how the physical activity sector can play an important role in the prevention, management and treatment of diabetes. Working the muscles during physical
activity increases the production of glucose transporter type four (GLUT 4), a protein which in humans is regulated by insulin and which impacts on the amount of glucose absorbed from our bloodstream. By increasing GLUT
January 2014 © Cybertrek 2014
4 production, we increase insulin sensitivity4
. Tis means we can use
physical activity to maintain or increase insulin sensitivity in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes, which in turn may help to reduce its incidence. Not only will this have a dramatic impact on the nation’s health, but it will also help with the health of our nation’s coffers.
Our recommendations Te ukactive Research Institute review shows that the more physical activity you do, the higher the increases in insulin sensitivity. Tis means improvements will continue to increase as the amount of exercise increases, so physical activity recommendations should always be seen as an absolute minimum requirement. Continuous aerobic exercise is effective
in improving insulin sensitivity, while interval training has been shown to be effective at moderate and high intensities, prescribed according to a person’s ability to meet the demands of the exercise. Resistance training seems to be effective at intensities above 50 per cent of 1 rep
max (1RM), and this is reflected in the recommendations for exercise training in participants with type 2 diabetes (see p28). By combining aerobic and resistance training, we can offer an effective strategy for preventing, managing and treating type 2 diabetes.
REFERENCES 1. National centre for chronic disease prevention and health promotion. National diabetes factsheet. Usa 2011. Atlanta, ga: U.S. Department of health and human services, centers for disease control and prevention, 2011. 2. Hu FB. Globalization of diabetes: Te role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:1249-1257 3. British national formulary: National centre physical activity and health economics factsheet 2010. 4. Pedersen BK. Te diseasome of physical inactivity – and the role of myokines in muscle-fat cross talk. J Physiol. 2009;587:5559-5568 5. Mann, S., Beedie, C., Balducci, S., Zanuso, S., Allgrove, J., Bertiato, F., & Jimenez, A. (2013). Changes in Insulin Sensitivity in Response to Different Modalities of Exercise: a review of the evidence. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews.
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