Genetically modified crops in Africa

INDEX 237

Consumer acceptance of GM crops: in Africa, 16; in export markets, 15–16; increasing, 114, 115, 223–24; rural- urban differences in, 112, 113t, 115, 117–19, 118t, 223; in Uganda, 108, 112–14, 113t, 117–19, 120–23

Consumers: educating, 112, 114, 123, 223–24; preferences of, 114–15, 116t, 117–19; rural, 112, 113t, 115, 117, 118, 120–21, 223; urban, 112, 113t, 114, 115, 117, 118–19, 122–23, 223; welfare measures of, 120–22, 120t, 121f, 132–34. See also Willingness to pay

Convention on Biological Diversity, 161b. See also Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

Copcot, 69

Cost-benefit analysis. See Impact assess- ments; Socioeconomic impact of GM crops

Costs. See Biosafety regulatory compliance costs; Maximum incremental socially tolerable irreversible costs; Technology transfer fees

Cotton: ginning, 29, 66, 67–68, 86; pes- ticide use, 26, 31, 38, 76, 78, 79, 86; pests of, 26, 31, 38, 76, 77, 78, 79, 167; regional trade in, 152–53

Cotton, genetically engineered: area cul- tivated, 10, 26; benefits of, 211, 221; in Burkina Faso, 10, 221; coexistence with organic cotton, 68, 70, 86–87; field trials of, 214; herbicide toler- ant, 25, 27, 61, 74, 76–77, 81, 85–86, 87; impact assessments, 29–32, 30t, 62–63, 149–150; obstacles to adoption of, 86; opportunity costs of nonadop- tion, 150; share of world production, 62; in South Africa, 10, 25, 26–33, 28t, 38–39; technology fees for, 31, 63, 67, 86; transboundary movements of, 153; in Uganda, 61, 72, 81–82, 85–87; yields of, 29–31, 30t, 81, 82, 83t, 85–86. See also Bt cotton

Cotton Development Organisation (CDO), Uganda, 66, 69, 81

Cotton production in Uganda: Bt cotton, 61, 74, 76, 81, 82, 85–86, 107; climate and, 68; exports of, 63, 66; GM cotton, 61, 72, 81–82, 85–87; history of, 63; HT cotton, 61, 74, 76–77, 81, 85–86, 87; inputs of, 76, 78, 86; labor use of, 76–77, 79, 81–82; organic system of, 63, 68, 69–70, 70t, 79–80, 86; pesticide use in, 76, 78, 79, 86; prices of, 79–80; processing of, 67–68; profitability of, 74–80, 78t, 80t; regions of, 63, 64f; risks in, 77–78, 80, 87; single variety policy of, 66, 67; traditional system of, 68–69, 76–78; value chains, 64–68, 65f, 69, 86; yields of, 68–69, 72, 74, 76, 77, 81. See also Impact assessment of GM cotton in Uganda

Cowpeas, genetically engineered, 150n3, 189, 221, 223, 224

Credit, access to, 15, 32

D&PL. See Delta and Pineland De Groote, H., 62, 224 De Janvry, A., 31 Delta and Pineland (D&PL), 27 Demont, M., 110, 127 Drugs, genetically engineered, 211–12 Dunavant, 69, 79

East African Community (EAC), 152 East Coast Fever vaccine, 191, 196, 197n5 Easterly, W., 1 EC. See Esophageal cancer Ecolomics International, 161b

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), 17, 152, 187

Economic impacts of GM crops. See Impact assessments; Socioeconomic impact; Trade-related impacts

ECOWAS. See Economic Community of West African States

Edmeades, S., 62, 104, 118, 125 Egypt, GM crops in, 9, 10, 17

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