166 CHAPTER 6
TABLE 6.2 Estimates of cost of applications over time (US dollars) and processing time (months) for the Insect-Resistant Maize for Africa (IRMA) project in Kenya
Cost category
Application preparation Paper application Meetings
Shipping materials
Kenya Plant Health Inspector- ate Service / regulator visits
Total cost Processing time
Application for cut leaves, February (2000–2001)
59,200 729
6,944 4,110 —
70,983 13
Application for leaves, second generation (2002)
19,767 — —
4,110 833
24,710 9
Source: Authors’ compilation for cost data and Mugo et al. (2005) for processing times. Note: — = not applicable.
TABLE 6.3 Estimates of the cost of regulation for the containment stage of the Insect-Resistant Maize for Africa (IRMA) project in Kenya, 2005 (2005 US dollars)
Type of cost
Administrative (salaries) Testing (overall)
Facilities and equipment Capital expenditures Overhead Total
Source: Authors’ estimates based on data from the IRMA project.
application for maize. In this sense, the IRMA example is quite atypical from what can be expected for other approval processes in Kenya and elsewhere.2
Bt Cotton in Kenya
In an effort to revive the cotton sector in Kenya, the introduction of transgenic varieties has been one of the policies that scientists and policymakers have
2 From the initial involvement of the National Council of Science and Technology in the biosafety regulatory process, which was somewhat ad hoc, Kenya now has a Biosafety Law signed into an Act in February 2009 by the president of Kenya. Furthermore, Kenya now has a functional National Biosafety Authority and thus a comprehensive and functional regulatory system with the involvement of multiple agencies.
Cost 7,000
416,000 236,000 239,000 68,000
966,000
Application for seed (2003)
15,226 — —
4,110 1,111
20,447 5
Application for field evaluation (2004–05)
22,840 — —
1,750
24,590 3
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