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Weeds and Pests


In wet conditions - Toad’s Rush in!


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TOAD Rush (Juncus bufonius) is a common species of rush found worldwide. It grows in moist conditions and is considered a weed in many areas. Toad Rush is an annual monocot that is quite variable in appearance. It is sometimes described as a complex of variants labelled with one species name.


It is generally a green, clumping, grasslike rush with many thin stems wrapped with a few threadlike leaves. The flowers are borne in


inflorescences and also in the joint where the inflorescence branches off of the stem.


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The flowering period is from September through to March and is a grassy flower folded within tough bracts and tepals (a term used when there is little distinction between sepals and petals).


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Small, narrow-leaved annual rush with many slender stems, 2-39 cm tall, often quite short and grass-like. The leaves are thin, straight and channelled. Small clusters of 1-8 pale to rusty-brown flowers above a leafy bract (leaf-like structure) on a branched flower-head. Flowers in spring to early summer.


Habitat


Found growing in a range of soils from sands to clays. The plant has a distinct preference for moist soils and is usually found near permanent water or, at least, periodic flooding for part of the year, e.g. the


margins of swamps, drainage lines and ditches. It is tolerant of slightly saline soils, particularly when rainfall has leached out topsoil salt.


Toad Rush is an opportunist and can also be commonly found growing on fine turf facilities (bowls and golf greens) when conditions favour the plant. It is generally found in turf that holds moisture and can be regularly seen growing in small clumps dispersed around the green.


Control


The key to its control is recognising the weed. An accurate identification of the weed you have and then combating the symptoms that enable the plant to thrive. Greens that have excessive thatch and are prone to lying wet will provide the ideal conditions for Toad Rush to flourish.


Treat the symptoms, reduce thatch levels, aerate and topdress to improve the surface drainage of the green.


Generally, if you carry out a robust maintenance programme with thorough spring and end of season renovations, topdress with appropriate rootzone dressings and have a regular verticutting programme throughout the growing season, you will be more in control of thatch levels and reduce the likelihood of promoting a green that would be susceptible to Toad Rush.


Instigating an appropriate


One of close to 60,000 monocot species, Toad Rush can be a pain in the grass on fine turf. Laurence Gale MSc describes the conditions it prefers and the methods used to treat it


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