426
INDEX
Productivity, agricultural (continued ) 265; in Mozambique, 350, 356–58, 357t, 359, 361–62; in Nigeria, 215, 220, 221–22t; in Rwanda, 166, 167, 168, 176, 177t, 192, 195t, 196, 197, 200; in Tanzania, 373, 381, 382–83t, 395; in Uganda, 282, 290, 292, 295–96, 295t; in Zambia, 324, 325t, 326–27, 327t, 328. See also Total factor productivity
PSTA. See Strategic Plan for Agricultural Transformation in Rwanda
Public agricultural expenditures (PAE): agricultural growth sources and, 55–56; application of estimation formula, 60; constraints on, 205, 408; crowding out effects of, 52, 57, 61, 65t; data sources for estimation of, 57–60; effi ciency of, 408–9; elasticity of output and, 59, 63t, 64t, 266–67; estimation approaches, 51–52; estimation parameters, 58t; in Ethiopia, 109–10, 113, 136; in export crop sectors, 203–4; externalities of, 189; fi nancing of, 60–62; in Ghana, 149–55, 151t, 156–57f, 158–59, 160; growth of, 56, 66t; increasing, 408–9; interaction effects of, 65t; interaction with nonagricultural spending, 52, 54, 56, 57, 59; in Kenya, 75, 89–91, 90f, 100–101; in Malawi, 266–72; Maputo Declaration targets, 72, 90–91, 101, 188; in Nigeria, 234, 236–40, 239f, 241–42; potential returns to, 189–92, 196–99, 198t, 202–4; prioritizing, 189, 269–72, 298–304, 303f, 306–7; private sector investments and, 158–59; pro- ductivity impact of, 89–92, 92t; required to achieve agricultural growth rates, 57; returns to, 91, 92t, 270, 272, 304, 307, 308, 402; rural infrastructure investments, 90, 308; in Rwanda, 185–92, 187t, 190t, 193–94t, 196–99, 202–4; in Tanzania, 377–78, 395; in Uganda, 282, 304–8, 307f, 310–11, 409; in Zambia, 336–38, 339–41, 342
Public nonagricultural expenditures (PNE): effects of, 52, 64t; effi ciency of, 408–9; elasticities of, 64t; growth of, 56; inter- action with agricultural spending, 52, 54, 56, 57, 59; in Malawi, 271–72; in Nigeria,
234–36, 237–38, 240; returns to, 272; in Uganda, 304–6
Public spending, 54–55, 56, 66t
Rao, N., 377–78 REMA. See Rwandan Environment Management Authority
Research and extension services: in Ethiopia, 109–10, 113; in Kenya, 75, 76, 90, 92–93, 94–95, 98, 100, 101; in Malawi, 256, 270, 271f; returns to investment in, 270, 308, 377–78, 411; in Tanzania, 377–78, 395; in Uganda, 270, 304, 307–8, 307f, 411; in Zambia, 318, 338–39, 339f Risk, 413 Roads: in Ethiopia, 136; in Kenya, 91–92, 96–97; in Malawi, 271–72; in Tanzania, 395; in Uganda, 272, 306, 308, 340; in Zambia, 340–41. See also Transport and communications spending
Roose, E., 174 Rosegrant, M. W., 339 Rural poverty, 2, 3, 4, 6–8. See also Poverty Rwanda: budget allocations in, 188–89, 191; development challenges of, 166; develop- ment strategies of, 166, 171–73, 189–91, 200; education in, 165; food consumption spending in, 169–70, 175, 184; food imports of, 184, 185; food security in, 170, 173, 179, 201; genocide effects in, 165, 166, 168, 175; growth in, 165, 175–76; growth–poverty relationships in, 182–83, 183t, 188, 201, 401; health indicators in, 165; nonagricultural trade of, 185; popu- lation density of, 167–68; population distribution of, 169, 170t; poverty in, 166; poverty reduction in, 176, 179, 186, 200; private investment in, 186; public and private investment in, 165 Rwandan agriculture: comparisons to other countries, 204–5; by district, 171; economic importance of, 167; economic linkages of, 203; environmental sustainability of, 168, 172; export crops, 167, 168–69, 170–71, 172, 175, 182, 185, 199, 203–4; fertilizer use in, 172, 191, 192; foodcrops, 169, 170, 182–83, 184, 201, 203; growth of, 167–68, 175–76, 177t, 178t, 192, 199,
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154 |
Page 155 |
Page 156 |
Page 157 |
Page 158 |
Page 159 |
Page 160 |
Page 161 |
Page 162 |
Page 163 |
Page 164 |
Page 165 |
Page 166 |
Page 167 |
Page 168 |
Page 169 |
Page 170 |
Page 171 |
Page 172 |
Page 173 |
Page 174 |
Page 175 |
Page 176 |
Page 177 |
Page 178 |
Page 179 |
Page 180 |
Page 181 |
Page 182 |
Page 183 |
Page 184 |
Page 185 |
Page 186 |
Page 187 |
Page 188 |
Page 189 |
Page 190 |
Page 191 |
Page 192 |
Page 193 |
Page 194 |
Page 195 |
Page 196 |
Page 197 |
Page 198 |
Page 199 |
Page 200 |
Page 201 |
Page 202 |
Page 203 |
Page 204 |
Page 205 |
Page 206 |
Page 207 |
Page 208 |
Page 209 |
Page 210 |
Page 211 |
Page 212 |
Page 213 |
Page 214 |
Page 215 |
Page 216 |
Page 217 |
Page 218 |
Page 219 |
Page 220 |
Page 221 |
Page 222 |
Page 223 |
Page 224 |
Page 225 |
Page 226 |
Page 227 |
Page 228 |
Page 229 |
Page 230 |
Page 231 |
Page 232 |
Page 233 |
Page 234 |
Page 235 |
Page 236 |
Page 237 |
Page 238 |
Page 239 |
Page 240 |
Page 241 |
Page 242 |
Page 243 |
Page 244 |
Page 245 |
Page 246 |
Page 247 |
Page 248 |
Page 249 |
Page 250 |
Page 251 |
Page 252 |
Page 253 |
Page 254 |
Page 255 |
Page 256 |
Page 257 |
Page 258 |
Page 259 |
Page 260 |
Page 261 |
Page 262 |
Page 263 |
Page 264 |
Page 265 |
Page 266 |
Page 267 |
Page 268 |
Page 269 |
Page 270 |
Page 271 |
Page 272 |
Page 273 |
Page 274 |
Page 275 |
Page 276 |
Page 277 |
Page 278 |
Page 279 |
Page 280 |
Page 281 |
Page 282 |
Page 283 |
Page 284 |
Page 285 |
Page 286 |
Page 287 |
Page 288 |
Page 289 |
Page 290 |
Page 291 |
Page 292 |
Page 293 |
Page 294 |
Page 295 |
Page 296 |
Page 297 |
Page 298 |
Page 299 |
Page 300 |
Page 301 |
Page 302 |
Page 303 |
Page 304 |
Page 305 |
Page 306 |
Page 307 |
Page 308 |
Page 309 |
Page 310 |
Page 311 |
Page 312 |
Page 313 |
Page 314 |
Page 315 |
Page 316 |
Page 317 |
Page 318 |
Page 319 |
Page 320 |
Page 321 |
Page 322 |
Page 323 |
Page 324 |
Page 325 |
Page 326 |
Page 327 |
Page 328 |
Page 329 |
Page 330 |
Page 331 |
Page 332 |
Page 333 |
Page 334 |
Page 335 |
Page 336 |
Page 337 |
Page 338 |
Page 339 |
Page 340 |
Page 341 |
Page 342 |
Page 343 |
Page 344 |
Page 345 |
Page 346 |
Page 347 |
Page 348 |
Page 349 |
Page 350 |
Page 351 |
Page 352 |
Page 353 |
Page 354 |
Page 355 |
Page 356 |
Page 357 |
Page 358 |
Page 359 |
Page 360 |
Page 361 |
Page 362 |
Page 363 |
Page 364 |
Page 365 |
Page 366 |
Page 367 |
Page 368 |
Page 369 |
Page 370 |
Page 371 |
Page 372 |
Page 373 |
Page 374 |
Page 375 |
Page 376 |
Page 377 |
Page 378 |
Page 379 |
Page 380 |
Page 381 |
Page 382 |
Page 383 |
Page 384 |
Page 385 |
Page 386 |
Page 387 |
Page 388 |
Page 389 |
Page 390 |
Page 391 |
Page 392 |
Page 393 |
Page 394 |
Page 395 |
Page 396 |
Page 397 |
Page 398 |
Page 399 |
Page 400 |
Page 401 |
Page 402 |
Page 403 |
Page 404 |
Page 405 |
Page 406 |
Page 407 |
Page 408 |
Page 409 |
Page 410 |
Page 411 |
Page 412 |
Page 413 |
Page 414 |
Page 415 |
Page 416 |
Page 417 |
Page 418 |
Page 419 |
Page 420 |
Page 421 |
Page 422 |
Page 423 |
Page 424 |
Page 425 |
Page 426 |
Page 427 |
Page 428 |
Page 429 |
Page 430 |
Page 431 |
Page 432 |
Page 433 |
Page 434 |
Page 435 |
Page 436 |
Page 437 |
Page 438 |
Page 439 |
Page 440 |
Page 441 |
Page 442